The Lower Huronian Ice Age

Coleman, A. P.

doi:10.1086/621504

Cited by 26 publications

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“…The Gamohaan Formation is characterised by deep subtidal fenestral microbialites and shales that ultimately grade into overlying Kuruman Iron Formation (Fischer et al, 2009). The age of the Gamohaan Formation is well constrained: a tuff in the middle of the formation yielded a U/Pb zircon date of 2.521 AE 0.001 Ga (Sumner & Bowring, 1996), whereas tuff from the upper part was U/Pb zircon dated to 2.516 AE 0.004 Ga (Altermann & Nelson, 1998 The Espanola Formation, part of the Palaeoproterozoic Huronian Supergroup, was first described by Coleman (1908) from the north shore of Lake Huron in Ontario, Canada. The Huronian Supergroup was deposited between 2.5 and 2.1 Ga (Krogh et al, 1984;Andrews et al, 1986) and comprises a southward-thickening succession of predominantly terrigenous clastic rocks derived from the Archaean Superior Province to the north (Young, 1973).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Espanola Formation, part of the Palaeoproterozoic Huronian Supergroup, was first described by Coleman () from the north shore of Lake Huron in Ontario, Canada. The Huronian Supergroup was deposited between 2.5 and 2.1 Ga (Krogh et al ., ; Andrews et al ., ) and comprises a southward‐thickening succession of predominantly terrigenous clastic rocks derived from the Archaean Superior Province to the north (Young, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In situ trace metal analysis of Neoarchaean – Ordovician shallow‐marine microbial‐carbonate‐hosted pyrites

2015

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Pre-Cambrian atmospheric and oceanic redox evolutions are expressed in the inventory of redox-sensitive trace metals in marine sedimentary rocks. Most of the currently available information was derived from deep-water sedimentary rocks (black shale/banded iron formation). Many of the studied trace metals (e.g. Mo, U, Ni and Co) are sensitive to the composition of the exposed land surface and prevailing weathering style, and their oceanic inventory ultimately depends on the terrestrial flux. The validity of claims for increased/decreased terrestrial fluxes has remained untested as far as the shallow-marine environment is concerned. Here, the first systematic study of trace metal inventories of the shallow-marine environment by analysis of microbial carbonate-hosted pyrite, from ca. 2.65-0.52 Ga, is presented. A petrographic survey revealed a first-order difference in preservation of early diagenetic pyrite. Microbial carbonates formed before the 2.4 Ga great oxygenation event (GOE) are much richer in pyrite and contain pyrite grains of greater morphological variability but lesser chemical substitution than samples deposited after the GOE. This disparity in pyrite abundance and morphology is mirrored by the qualitative degree of preservation of organic matter (largely as kerogen). Thus, it seems that in microbial carbonates, pyrite formation and preservation were related to presence and preservation of organic C. Several redox-sensitive trace metals show interpretable temporal trends supporting earlier proposals derived from deep-water sedimentary rocks. Most notably, the shallow-water pyrite confirms a rise in the oceanic Mo inventory across the pre-Cambrian-Cambrian boundary, implying the establishment of efficient deep-ocean ventilation. The carbonate-hosted pyrite also confirms the Neoarchaean and early Palaeoproterozoic ocean had higher Ni concentration, which can now more firmly be attributed to a greater proportion of magnesian volcanic rock on land rather than a stronger hydrothermal flux of Ni. Additionally, systematic trends are reported for Co, As, and Zn, relating to terrestrial flux and oceanic productivity.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ trace metal analysis of Neoarchaean – Ordovician shallow‐marine microbial‐carbonate‐hosted pyrites

2015

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“…The Gowganda Formation is one of the earliest recognised Palaeoproterozoic glacial deposits (Coleman 1908). It has a much wider distribution than the two earlier-deposited diamictite-rich Huronian formations.…”

Section: Gowganda Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7.6). This event has been termed the Huronian Glaciation after the Huronian Supergroup in Canada where glaciogenic deposits have been know since Coleman (1907Coleman ( , 1908 reported diamictites and dropstones in southern Ontario. Three discrete glacial units, the Ramsey Lake, Bruce and Gowganda formations (Figs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

7.2 Huronian-Age Glaciation

Melezhik

Young

Eriksson

et al. 2012

Reading the Archive of Earth’s Oxygenation

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“…They have been well documented because they are among the most accessible and well‐exposed of such deposits, occurring as they do on the southern margin of the great Canadian Shield, where it is crossed by a major highway, and because they are exposed on exceptional rock surfaces, scoured clean by Pleistocene glaciers, on the shores and islands on the north shore of Lake Huron (Figure ). The glacial deposits of the Huronian Supergroup have been studied for over a hundred years since the early publication by Coleman (). For a summary of early work on the Huronian Supergroup see Young and Church ().…”

Section: Palaeoproterozoic Glaciationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatic catastrophes in Earth history: two great Proterozoic glacial episodes

Young

2012

Geological Journal

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Near the beginning and end of the Proterozoic Eon (2.5 Ga–542 Ma) the Earth went through dramatic climatic perturbations. The Palaeoproterozoic (Huronian) glaciations are best known from the Canadian Shield where there is evidence of at least three such episodes. Glacial deposits of comparable age are also known from Fennoscandia, South Africa and Western Australia. In the type area, the Huronian glacial deposits are preserved in an ancient rift system that preceded break‐up of the supercraton, Kenorland, whereas those in the southern hemisphere may have been deposited in a foreland basin setting. Detailed correlations between the two hemispheres must await more geochronological data. Following a long period (~1.5 Ga) with little evidence of glaciation, the climatic upheavals of the Neoproterozoic Era began. The two most widespread glacial events are known as the Sturtian and Marinoan. The Neoproterozoic glaciations also took place on a supercontinent (Rodinia). Some were accompanied by unexpected rock types such as dolomitic cap carbonates and iron formations, both of which show evidence of hydrothermal influence. Major influences on surface temperatures on Earth include solar luminosity (increasing throughout geological history) and the concentration of atmospheric greenhouse gases such as CO2 (generally diminishing with time). It is suggested that the two great Proterozoic climatic oscillation periods resulted from perturbations of the balance between these two variables, triggered by drawdown of atmospheric CO2 during intensive weathering of supercontinents. A weathering‐related negative feedback loop resulted in multiple glaciations with intervening warm periods. Climatic stability only returned after the supercontinent broke apart and reduced continental freeboard moderated continental weathering. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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The Lower Huronian Ice Age

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

In situ trace metal analysis of Neoarchaean – Ordovician shallow‐marine microbial‐carbonate‐hosted pyrites

In situ trace metal analysis of Neoarchaean – Ordovician shallow‐marine microbial‐carbonate‐hosted pyrites

7.2 Huronian-Age Glaciation

Climatic catastrophes in Earth history: two great Proterozoic glacial episodes

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