The lung microbiome: the perfect culprit for COPD exacerbations?

Gomez, Carine; Chanez, Pascal

doi:10.1183/13993003.00270-2016

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…36,58 When in equilibrium, the airway microbiome can restrict the growth of multiple invading pathogens, whereas when disrupted, it can have adverse consequences. 59 The oropharynx is characterized by streptococcal species, Neisseria spp, Rothia spp. and anaerobes, including Veillonella spp., Prevotella spp., and Leptotrichia spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oropharyngeal Microbiome in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Decreased Diversity and Abundance

Yang¹,

Shao²,

Heizhati³

et al. 2019

Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine

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China; *Contributed equally Study Objectives: To explore and analyze diversity and abundance of oropharyngeal microbiota in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Middle-aged men, suspected to have OSA, referred to full-night polysomnography, and willing to provide oropharyngeal swab samples, were consecutively enrolled. OSA severity was assessed by apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) as non-OSA (AHI < 5 events/h) and OSA (AHI ≥ 15 events/h). Bacterial DNA of oropharyngeal samples was extracted and quality test performed. Oropharyngeal microbiota was analyzed using 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing, and bioinformatic analysis carried out after sequencing. Results: Samples from 51 men (25 in the non-OSA group and 26 in the OSA group) were sent for examination. Of these, 40 samples were found to have sufficient concentration of DNA and were analyzed for bioinformatics. In alpha diversity analysis, the OSA group exhibited significantly lower sobs (

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oropharyngeal Microbiome in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Decreased Diversity and Abundance

Yang¹,

Shao²,

Heizhati³

et al. 2019

Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine

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“…Both the 16S rRNA V4 region and ITS1 DNA sequencing data of all subjects were normalized to a uniform depth of 2,000 reads based on rarefaction curve asymptotes and Good's coverage values. A comparable rarefaction depth has been used in airway microbiome analyses (Gomez and Chanez, 2016;Taylor et al, 2018). Seven samples were excluded from the 16S V4 data analysis after normalization.…”

Section: Sequence Processing and Statistical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Interactions of Airway Bacterial and Fungal Communities in Clinically Stable Asthma

Liu

Liang

et al. 2020

Front. Microbiol.

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Dysbiotic airway microbiota play important roles in the inflammatory progression of asthma, and exploration of airway microbial interactions further elucidates asthma pathogenesis. However, little is known regarding the airway bacterial-fungal interactions in asthma patients. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of the sputum bacterial and fungal microbiota from 116 clinically stable asthma patients and 29 healthy controls using 16S rRNA gene and ITS1 sequencing. Compared with healthy individuals, asthma patients exhibited a significantly altered microbiota and increased bacterial and fungal alpha diversities in the airway. Microbial genera Moraxella, Capnocytophaga, and Ralstonia (bacteria) and Schizophyllum, Candida, and Phialemoniopsis (fungi) were more abundant in the asthma airways, while Rothia, Veillonella and Leptotrichia (bacteria) and Meyerozyma (fungus) were increased in healthy controls. The Moraxellaceae family and their genus Moraxella were significantly enriched in asthma patients compared with healthy controls (80.5-fold, P = 0.007 and 314.7-fold, P = 0.027, respectively). Moreover, Moraxellaceae, along with Schizophyllum, Candida, and Aspergillus (fungal genera), were positively associated with fungal alpha diversity. Correlation networks revealed 3 fungal genera (Schizophyllum, Candida, and Aspergillus) as important airway microbes in asthma that showed positive correlations with each other and multiple co-exclusions with other common microbiota. Moraxellaceae members were positively associated with asthma-enriched fungal taxa but negatively related to several healthyenriched bacterial taxa. Collectively, our findings revealed an altered microbiota and complex microbial interactions in the airways of asthma patients. The Moraxellaceae family and their genus Moraxella, along with 3 important fungal taxa, showed significant interactions with the airway microbiota, providing potential insights into the novel pathogenic mechanisms of asthma.

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“…There was previously no standardisation of microbiome analysis, such as the use of different 16S rRNA hypervariable regions ( Beck et al., 2012 ). Many studies contained only small, cross-sectional cohorts ( Wang et al., 2016 ). Furthermore, unprotected specimen brushings or sputum samples have also been widely used, which may introduce oropharyngeal contamination ( Pragman et al., 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Non-Typeable Haemophilus influenzae Biofilms in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Weeks

Staples

Spalluto

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is an ubiquitous commensal-turned-pathogen that colonises the respiratory mucosa in airways diseases including Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). COPD is a progressive inflammatory syndrome of the lungs, encompassing chronic bronchitis that is characterised by mucus hypersecretion and impaired mucociliary clearance and creates a static, protective, humid, and nutrient-rich environment, with dysregulated mucosal immunity; a favourable environment for NTHi colonisation. Several recent large COPD cohort studies have reported NTHi as a significant and recurrent aetiological pathogen in acute exacerbations of COPD. NTHi proliferation has been associated with increased hospitalisation, disease severity, morbidity and significant lung microbiome shifts. However, some cohorts with patients at different severities of COPD do not report that NTHi is a significant aetiological pathogen in their COPD patients, indicating other obligate pathogens including Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as the cause. NTHi is an ubiquitous organism across healthy non-smokers, healthy smokers and COPD patients from childhood to adulthood, but it currently remains unclear why NTHi becomes pathogenic in only some cohorts of COPD patients, and what behaviours, interactions and adaptations are driving this susceptibility. There is emerging evidence that biofilm-phase NTHi may play a significant role in COPD. NTHi displays many hallmarks of the biofilm lifestyle and expresses key biofilm formation-promoting genes. These include the autoinducer-mediated quorum sensing system, epithelial- and mucus-binding adhesins and expression of a protective, self-produced polymeric substance matrix. These NTHi biofilms exhibit extreme tolerance to antimicrobial treatments and the immune system as well as expressing synergistic interspecific interactions with other lung pathogens including S. pneumoniae and M. catarrhalis. Whilst the majority of our understanding surrounding NTHi as a biofilm arises from otitis media or in-vitro bacterial monoculture models, the role of NTHi biofilms in the COPD lung is now being studied. This review explores the evidence for the existence of NTHi biofilms and their impact in the COPD lung. Understanding the nature of chronic and recurrent NTHi infections in acute exacerbations of COPD could have important implications for clinical treatment and identification of novel bactericidal targets.

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The lung microbiome: the perfect culprit for COPD exacerbations?

Cited by 13 publications

References 20 publications

Oropharyngeal Microbiome in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Decreased Diversity and Abundance

Oropharyngeal Microbiome in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Decreased Diversity and Abundance

The Interactions of Airway Bacterial and Fungal Communities in Clinically Stable Asthma

The Role of Non-Typeable Haemophilus influenzae Biofilms in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

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