The Lysozyme from Insect (Manduca sexta) Is a Cold-Adapted Enzyme

Sotelo‐Mundo, Rogerio R.; López-Zavala, Alonso A.; García-Orozco, Karina D.; Arvizu‐Flores, Aldo A.; Velázquez-Contreras, Enrique F.; Valenzuela‐Soto, Elisa M.; Rojo‐Domínguez, Arturo; Kanost, Michael R.

doi:10.2174/092986607781483688

Cited by 22 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…HSPs are produced as a protective response by cells to a variety of stress factors. The major physiological functions of the Hsp70 superfamily’s members are protein folding, unfolding and translocation [41]. Hsp70s are the most conservative and important subfamily and they are the most sensitive in responding to stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Proteomics and Expression Analysis of Five Genes in Epicauta chinensis Larvae from the First to Fifth Instar

Wang²,

ShuMin

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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Blister beetle is an important insect model for both medicinal and pure research. Previous research has mainly focused on its biology and biochemistry, but very little data is yet available in the molecular biology. This study uses differential proteomics technology to analyze the soluble proteins extracted from each of the 5 instars larvae of Epicauta chinensis. 42 of the differentially-expressed proteins were identified successfully by MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS. Some of these proteins’ function and their expression profiles are analyzed. Our analysis revealed dynamics regulation of the following proteins: Axin-like protein pry-1 (APR-1), dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (DLD), vitellogenin (Vg) and lysozyme C (Lmz-S). APR-1 negatively regulates the Wnt signaling pathway. Its overexpression could result in embryo, leg, eye and ovary ectopica or malformation. DLD catalyzes the pyruvate into acetyl-CoA, the latter is the starting material of juvenile hormone (JH) and ipsdienol biosynthesis through the MVA pathway in insects. While Vg synthesis can be regulated by JH and stimulated by food factors. So DLD may affect the synthesis of JH, ipsdienol and Vg indirectly. The activity of lysozyme is an indicator of the immunity. Nutrition/food should be taken into account for its potential role during the development of larva in the future. Among the five genes and their corresponding proteins’ expression, only hsc70 gene showed a good correspondence with the protein level. This reflects the fluctuating relationship between mRNA and protein levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Proteomics and Expression Analysis of Five Genes in Epicauta chinensis Larvae from the First to Fifth Instar

Wang²,

ShuMin

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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“…However, these proteases are poorly studied in insects' innate immune systems. The insect's immune response is mediated by pattern recognition proteins that signal to expression effectors, including the antibacterial lysozyme protein [81], [82]. We found that lysozymes comprise important antimycotic enzymatic activities, as noted by its antiviral or antibacterial activity in many in vitro studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…We observed the remarkable over-expression of lysozymes in all microconidia treatments in comparison to the controls. It appears that lysozymes take on other roles besides degrading the bacterial cell wall, and it has been shown that this protease inhibits the enzymatic activity of mosquito phenoloxidase, thereby modulating melanization [82], [83].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Quantitative Proteomics Using iTRAQ Based on the Immunological Response of Galleria mellonella Larvae Challenged with Fusarium oxysporum Microconidia

et al. 2014

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Galleria mellonella has emerged as a potential invertebrate model for scrutinizing innate immunity. Larvae are easy to handle in host-pathogen assays. We undertook proteomics research in order to understand immune response in a heterologous host when challenged with microconidia of Fusarium oxysporum. The aim of this study was to investigate hemolymph proteins that were differentially expressed between control and immunized larvae sets, tested with F. oxysporum at two temperatures. The iTRAQ approach allowed us to observe the effects of immune challenges in a lucid and robust manner, identifying more than 50 proteins, 17 of them probably involved in the immune response. Changes in protein expression were statistically significant, especially when temperature was increased because this was notoriously affected by F. oxysporum 104 or 106 microconidia/mL. Some proteins were up-regulated upon immune fungal microconidia challenge when temperature changed from 25 to 37°C. After analysis of identified proteins by bioinformatics and meta-analysis, results revealed that they were involved in transport, immune response, storage, oxide-reduction and catabolism: 20 from G. mellonella, 20 from the Lepidoptera species and 19 spread across bacteria, protista, fungi and animal species. Among these, 13 proteins and 2 peptides were examined for their immune expression, and the hypothetical 3D structures of 2 well-known proteins, unannotated for G. mellonella, i.e., actin and CREBP, were resolved using peptides matched with Bombyx mori and Danaus plexippus, respectively. The main conclusion in this study was that iTRAQ tool constitutes a consistent method to detect proteins associated with the innate immune system of G. mellonella in response to infection caused by F. oxysporum. In addition, iTRAQ was a reliable quantitative proteomic approach to detect and quantify the expression levels of immune system proteins and peptides, in particular, it was found that 104 microconidia/mL at 37°C over expressed many more proteins than other treatments.

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“…Lysozyme was also up-regulated, which is a well-known anti-bacterial enzyme, and is cold-adapted to work in insects dwelling at lower temperatures [73]. Melanization is an important physiological change occurring inside hemocoel when an insect is invaded by a pathogen, for example, Beauveria .…”

Section: Fusarium As An Entomopathogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fusarium, an Entomopathogen—A Myth or Reality?

Sharma

Marques

2018

Pathogens

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The Fusarium species has diverse ecological functions ranging from saprophytes, endophytes, and animal and plant pathogens. Occasionally, they are isolated from dead and alive insects. However, research on fusaria-insect associations is very limited as fusaria are generalized as opportunistic insect-pathogens. Additionally, their phytopathogenicity raises concerns in their use as commercial biopesticides. Insect biocontrol potential of Fusarium is favored by their excellent soil survivability as saprophytes, and sometimes, insect-pathogenic strains do not exhibit phytopathogenicity. In addition, a small group of fusaria, those belonging to the Fusarium solani species complex, act as insect mutualists assisting in host growth and fecundity. In this review, we summarize mutualism and pathogenicity among fusaria and insects. Furthermore, we assert on Fusarium entomopathogenicity by analyzing previous studies clearly demonstrating their natural insect-pathogenicity in fields, and their presence in soils. We also review the presence and/or production of a well-known insecticidal metabolite beauvericin by different Fusarium species. Lastly, some proof-of-concept studies are also summarized, which demonstrate the histological as well as immunological changes that a larva undergoes during Fusarium oxysporum pathogenesis. These reports highlight the insecticidal properties of some Fusarium spp., and emphasize the need of robust techniques, which can distinguish phytopathogenic, mutualistic and entomopathogenic fusaria.

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The Lysozyme from Insect (Manduca sexta) Is a Cold-Adapted Enzyme

Cited by 22 publications

References 23 publications

Comparative Proteomics and Expression Analysis of Five Genes in Epicauta chinensis Larvae from the First to Fifth Instar

Comparative Proteomics and Expression Analysis of Five Genes in Epicauta chinensis Larvae from the First to Fifth Instar

Development of Quantitative Proteomics Using iTRAQ Based on the Immunological Response of Galleria mellonella Larvae Challenged with Fusarium oxysporum Microconidia

Fusarium, an Entomopathogen—A Myth or Reality?

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