The m assive d ifferences in d iet i nduced an a ltered g ut m icrobiota s tructure in m andarin d uck  ( Aix g alericulata )  at b reeding a rea

Abstract

Animal gut is a dynamic ecosystem, and there are many factors affecting the structure of intestinal flora and the diversity of intestinal microbes, among which food differences are the direct causes. To investigate the effect of food composition on the intestinal flora structure of mandarin duck during the reproductive period, 9 feces were collected from 2 foraging sites of Shiqian Mandarin Duck Lake National Wetland Park, Guizhou, China. We analyzed the chloroplast rbcL gene, mitochondrial COI gene and 16S rRNA gene from the total DNA of the feces in detail to know the plants and animals in food compositions and intestinal bacteria of mandarin duck by high-throughput sequencing technology. We found that the gut microbiota composition were significantly correlated with the number of feeding species, the mandarin duck with a wide variety of feeding food had the more complex gut flora with more probiotics and less pathogenic bacterium. This study provides further theoretical support for food difference to affect the changes of intestinal bacterial structure of host, and provides scientific basis for understanding the feeding preference of mandarin duck at breeding area.

Sugar-Based Aggregation-Induced Emission Luminogens: Design, Structures, and Applications

“…Expect for the AIE property of the sugar-based materials mentioned above, the researchers also have discovered that some kinds of saccharides, such as starch, cellulose, and their 5), glucose (6), lyxose (7), mannose (8), methyl a-glucopyranoside (9), rhamnose (10), ribose (11), sorbose (12), xylose (13), cellobiose (14), lactose (15), maltose (16), maltulose (17), melibiose (18), sucrose (19), trehalose (20), melezitose (21), raffinose (22), acarbose (23), arabinose (24), 2-deoxy-lyxohexos (25), tagatose (26), gentiobiose (27), lactulose (28), palatinose (29), turanose (30), maltotriose (31), and maltopentose (32) derivatives, could present novel room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) properties. 212−214 As shown in Figure 76, Yuan, Zhang, and Tang et al found that some natural sugars such as starch and cellulose powders could emit RTP at 470 and 427 nm with lifetime as 4.98 and 4.66 μs, respectively.…”

“…(F) Fluorescent-R channel images (exposure time 30 ms). Saccharides: allose (1), 2-deoxyribose (2), fructose (3), fucose (4), galactose (5), glucose(6), lyxose(7), mannose(8), methyl a-glucopyranoside (9), rhamnose(10), ribose(11), sorbose(12), xylose(13), cellobiose(14), lactose(15), maltose(16), maltulose(17), melibiose(18), sucrose(19), trehalose(20), melezitose(21), raffinose(22), acarbose(23), arabinose(24), 2-deoxy-lyxohexos(25), tagatose(26), gentiobiose(27), lactulose(28), palatinose(29), turanose(30), maltotriose(31), and maltopentose(32). Adapted from ref 211.…”

Application of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction in Orthopaedics and Traumatology

“…14 It has many pharmacological activities of blood coagulation function, tumor suppressor, vasodilation, and nerve nutrition. 15 16 17 In addition, Wu et al 18 found that through the phosphoinositide-3 kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway, transcinnamaldehyde in Guizhi (Ramulus Cinnamomi) can inhibit the level of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and the inflammatory response of chondrocytes and prevent joint damage, suggesting that some active ingredients in Guizhi (Ramulus Cinnamomi) are beneficial to the treatment of bone and joints and it needs further research.…”

UV-Crosslinked Electrospun Zein/PEO Fibroporous Membranes for Wound Dressing

“…7 The large surface area-to-volume ratio of the electrospun membrane is a favorable attribute for drug delivery applications, 8 tissue repair, biological dressing, enzyme immobilization, etc. 8,9 The versatility of the technique lies in the fact that different processing modifications are possible with it including multiple fluid processing like co-axial electrospinning, 10 side-by-side electrospinning, 11 tri-axial electrospinning, 12,13 etc. Recently, fabrication of fibrous membranes with "smart" properties is gaining much attention also.…”