The main determinants effecting international visitor arrivals in New Zealand

Abstract

This study examines the main determinants of international visitor arrivals in New Zealand in light of New Zealand’s major earthquakes in 2010 and 2011 as well as the global financial crisis of 2007. Our results provide strong evidence that visitor origin country per capita incomes, relative prices, real exchange rates, the distance between New Zealand and its main visitor origin countries and New Zealand’s record of good governance are statistically significant determinants of visitor arrivals to New Zealand. Our findings also reveal a negative but statistically insignificant effect of the earthquakes of 2010 and 2011on visitor arrivals to New Zealand. Our findings do not provide any significant regressive effect of the global financial crisis on visitor arrivals to New Zealand.

The Macroeconomic Determinants of International Casino Travel: Evidence from South Korea’s Top Four Inbound Markets

“…We use M2 instead of M1 because the former reflects overall economic conditions better. Our choice of macroeconomic indicators is generally consistent with previous studies focused on the macroeconomic impacts on tourism [34,49,50].…”

The Causal Effect of Air Pollution on International Tourist Arrivals

“…The GDP per capita PPP (constant 2011 international $) data are acquired from the (Organization, 2019). The world governance index is constructed from the Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) project (Kaufmann & Kraay, 2019) by calculating the average of four dimensions of governance: voice and accountability, political stability and absence of violence, rule of law, and control of corruption (Gani & Clemes, 2017). This dataset summarizing the views on the quality of the traditions and institutions by which authority in a country (Kaufmann & Kraay 2019).…”

“…There is evidence that air pollution in neighboring provinces has a significant negative impact on international tourist arrivals in the local province. When air pollution in neighboring provinces becomes serious, international tourists may not travel to the local province Other research on the effects of air pollution on international tourist arrivals has been carried out by (Gani & Clemes, 2017) Just like the research mentioned above, they do it within the scope of one country namely New Zealand. They examined the factors that were taken into consideration for foreigners to visit New Zealand as tourists.…”

“…The achievement of a country in good governance is a positive factor that attracts tourists to come to the country (Gani & Clemes, 2017). Another factor that might be a determining factor for someone visiting a country is the level of security in the country.…”

Business environment effect on business visitor arrivals to New Zealand

“…Other reviews include Divisekera (2003), Vogt (2008), and Song et al (2012). Research on factors that determine tourism demand across various nations has undoubtedly strengthened over time as recent studies reveal robust results of the determinants of tourism demand such as Morley et al (2014), Tavares and Leitao (2016) and Gani and Clemes (2017).…”