The maize transcription factor Sn alters proanthocyanidin synthesis in transgenic Lotus corniculatus plants

Damiani, F.; Paolocci, Francesco; Cluster, P. D.; Arcioni, Sergio; Tanner, Gregory J.; Joseph, R.; Li, Y. G.; Majnik, J. de; Larkin, Philip

doi:10.1071/pp98121

Cited by 32 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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Section: The Tt12 Gene May Be Involved In Vacuolar Transport Of Flavosupporting

confidence: 66%

“…The slight color difference between ban and ban tt12 possibly reveals a capacity of TT12 to transport anthocyanins as well, but to a small extent. These data may provide experimental support for the model proposed by Damiani et al (1999) in which catechin and procyanidin precursors accumulate in vacuoles before being polymerized to procyanidins.Flavonoids are synthesized in the cytoplasm at the level of the endoplasmic reticulum (Burbulis and Winkel-Shirley, 1999) and around the vacuoles (D. Saslowsky and B. WinkelShirley, personal communication) before their deposition in other cell compartments. The fact that PAs have been reported to reach the vacuole in vesicles derived from the endoplasmic reticulum (Baur and Walkinshaw, 1974;Parham and Kaustinen, 1977; Zobel, 1986;Ibrahim, 1992) is puzzling.…”

supporting

confidence: 66%

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The TRANSPARENT TESTA12 Gene of Arabidopsis Encodes a Multidrug Secondary Transporter-like Protein Required for Flavonoid Sequestration in Vacuoles of the Seed Coat Endothelium

et al. 2001

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Phenolic compounds that are present in the testa interfere with the physiology of seed dormancy and germination. We isolated a recessive Arabidopsis mutant with pale brown seeds, transparent testa12 ( tt12 ), from a reduced seed dormancy screen. Microscopic analysis of tt12 developing and mature testas revealed a strong reduction of proanthocyanidin deposition in vacuoles of endothelial cells. Double mutants with tt12 and other testa pigmentation mutants were constructed, and their phenotypes confirmed that tt12 was affected at the level of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. The TT12 gene was cloned and found to encode a protein with similarity to prokaryotic and eukaryotic secondary transporters with 12 transmembrane segments, belonging to the MATE (multidrug and toxic compound extrusion) family. TT12 is expressed specifically in ovules and developing seeds. In situ hybridization localized its transcript in the endothelium layer, as expected from the effect of the tt12 mutation on testa flavonoid pigmentation. The phenotype of the mutant and the nature of the gene suggest that TT12 may control the vacuolar sequestration of flavonoids in the seed coat endothelium. INTRODUCTIONFlavonoids represent a highly diverse group of plant aromatic secondary metabolites. The major forms, which are anthocyanins (red to purple pigments), flavonols (colorless to pale yellow pigments), and proanthocyanidins (PAs), also known as condensed tannins (colorless pigments that brown with oxidation), are present in proportions and amounts that vary according to the plant species, the organ, the stage of development, and environmental growth conditions. Arabidopsis contains flavonoid pigments in vegetative tissues and in seeds (Shirley et al., 1995). In the mature testa, flavonoids were detected in both the endothelium and the three crushed parenchymal layers just above the endothelium . PAs have been shown to accumulate exclusively in the endothelium layer (Devic et al., 1999). Wild-type seed color depends on the stage of development: as long as the testa is transparent, until ‫ف‬ 10 days after pollination, the seed has the color of the underlying endosperm and embryo. At maturity, the testa becomes opaque after the oxidation of flavonoid pigments, which gives the seed its characteristic brown color. Therefore, the color of mutants with seed flavonoid defects ranges from pale yellow (complete lack of visible pigments in the testa) to pale brown, depending on the accumulated intermediate flavonoids .In Arabidopsis, mutants at 21 loci have been isolated on the basis of altered testa pigmentation (Figure 1). The genes disrupted in the transparent testa ( tt ) mutants tt3 , tt4 , tt5 , tt6 , and tt7 (Shirley et al., 1995) and the banyuls ( ban ) mutant (Albert et al., 1997) code for the enzymes dihydroflavonol-4-reductase (Shirley et al., 1992), chalcone synthase (Feinbaum and Ausubel, 1988), chalcone isomerase (Shirley et al., 1992), flavonol 3-hydroxylase (Pelletier and Shirley, 1996; Wisman et al., 1998), flavonol 3 Ј -hydroxylase (Ko...

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Section: The Tt12 Gene May Be Involved In Vacuolar Transport Of Flavosupporting

confidence: 66%

supporting

confidence: 66%

The TRANSPARENT TESTA12 Gene of Arabidopsis Encodes a Multidrug Secondary Transporter-like Protein Required for Flavonoid Sequestration in Vacuoles of the Seed Coat Endothelium

et al. 2001

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“…In Lotus corniculatus the maize anthocyanin regulatory gene Sn was introduced. Some plants were obtained with reduced foliar proanthocyanidin which may be of benefit in some agronomic situations (Damiani et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introduction Of Agronomically Useful Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of ri-mediated transformation for production of transgenic plants

Christey

2001

In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Plant

169

109

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Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation has been used to obtain transgenic plants in 89 different taxa, representing 79 species from 55 genera and 27 families. A diverse range of dicotyledonous plant families is represented, including one Gymnosperm family. In addition to the Ri plasmid, over half these plants have been transformed with foreign genes, including agronomically useful traits. Plants regenerated from hairy roots often show altered plant morphology such as dwarfing, increased rooting, altered flowering, wrinkled leaves and/or increased branching due to rol gene expression. These altered phenotypic features can have potential applications for plant improvement especially in the horticultural industry where such morphological alterations may be desirable. Use of A. rhizogenes and rol gene transformation has tremendous potential for genetic manipulation of plants and has been of particular benefit for improvement of ornamental and woody plants.

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“…Several studies have reported increasing or decreasing the levels of PAs in tissues in which these compounds occur naturally (Bavage et al. , 1997; Damiani et al. , 1999; Robbins et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic engineering of proanthocyanidins through co‐expression of anthocyanidin reductase and the PAP1 MYB transcription factor

et al. 2006

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SummaryProanthocyanidins (PAs) and their monomeric building blocks, the (epi)-flavan-3-ols, are plant antioxidants that confer multiple human health benefits. The presence of PAs in forage crops is an important agronomic trait, preventing pasture bloat in ruminant animals. However, many consumed plant materials lack PAs, and there has been little success to date in introducing monomeric or polymeric flavan-3-ols de novo into plant tissues for disease prevention by dietary means or development of 'bloat-safe' forages. We report the introduction of PAs into plants by combined expression of a MYB family transcription factor and anthocyanidin reductase for conversion of anthocyanidin into (epi)-flavan-3-ol. Tobacco leaves expressing both transgenes accumulated epicatechin and gallocatechin monomers, and a series of dimers and oligomers consisting primarily of epicatechin units. The levels of PAs reached values that would confer bloat reduction in forage species. Expression of anthocyanidin reductase in anthocyanin-containing leaves of the forage legume Medicago truncatula resulted in production of a specific subset of PA oligomers.

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The maize transcription factor Sn alters proanthocyanidin synthesis in transgenic Lotus corniculatus plants

Cited by 32 publications

References 39 publications

The TRANSPARENT TESTA12 Gene of Arabidopsis Encodes a Multidrug Secondary Transporter-like Protein Required for Flavonoid Sequestration in Vacuoles of the Seed Coat Endothelium

The TRANSPARENT TESTA12 Gene of Arabidopsis Encodes a Multidrug Secondary Transporter-like Protein Required for Flavonoid Sequestration in Vacuoles of the Seed Coat Endothelium

Use of ri-mediated transformation for production of transgenic plants

Metabolic engineering of proanthocyanidins through co‐expression of anthocyanidin reductase and the PAP1 MYB transcription factor

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