The major Baltic inflow in January 1993 — Measurements and modelling results

WITHDRAWN: The new major Baltic inflow as observed in October 2014 in the Baltic Proper

“…In the last two decades occurrence of the large barotropic inflows was lower, while weak and moderate inflows were more often (Meier, 2006). The last two inflows in 1993 and 2003 were well-studied phenomena by observation (inflow in 1993(inflow in : Jakobsen, 1995Matthäus and Lass, 1995;inflow in 2003inflow in : Feistel et al, 2004Piechura and Beszczyńska-Möller, 2004) and by hydrodynamic Q6 modelling (inflow in 1993(inflow in : Andrejev et al, 2002Huber et al, 1994;Lehmann 1995;Meier and Doscher, 2003;inflow in 2003inflow in : Lehmann et al, 2004Meier et al, 2004). The medium size (ca 200 km 3 ) inflow in 2003 with extremely low temperature (ca 1-28C) reached all basins in the Baltic Proper (Feistel et al, 2004).…”

Use of Baltic Sea modelling to investigate the water cycle and the heat balance in GCM and regional climate models

“…The efforts to numerically model the Baltic Sea have expanded rapidly during the last years, and include several investigations using 3-dimensional models, for example, Winkel-Steinberg et al (1991), Huber et al (1994), Lehmann (1995), Meier (1996Meier ( 1999, Sayin & Krauss (1996), Schrum & Backhaus (1999) and Lehmann & Hinrichsen (2000). A problem with the grid models of the area is the enormous computational effort needed to resolve the short lateral scales of the baroclinic currents and strait flows.…”

Physical processes in the transition zone between North Sea and Baltic Sea. Numerical simulations and observations

“…At the same time (26 January) there was already an out-705 flowing trend, therefore the bottom salinity tended to decrease in the 706 straits. 707 There is a number of evidence that during the MBI event in Jan-708 uary 1993 the Sound played a very important role for the salt trans-709 port (Jakobsen 1995;Huber et al 1994;Lehmann, 1994Lehmann, , 1995. The internal tidal asymmetry (Jay and Musiak, 1996;Jay, 2010), 732 which is driven by correlations between tidal shear and vertical tur-733 bulent mixing, is of utmost importance for the estuarine dynamics.…”