The mechanical and morphological properties of 6 year-old cranial bone

Davis, Matthew; Loyd, Andre Matthew; Shen, Han-yu Henry; Mulroy, Maura H.; Nightingale, Roger W.; Myers, Barry S.; Bass, Cameron Dale

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.07.001

Cited by 51 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…From the infant ages to the youth ages, the fontanels and sutures close (connect) and begin interdigitating (forming interlocking finger-like connections of bone). The bone continues to thicken and transitions from a single-layer to a tri-layer structure (Davis et al, 2012;Faiz et al, 2011;White and Folkens, 1999). Lastly, the bone thickens to a final thickness ranging between 4.0 mm and 7.4 mm, and interdigitation continues into adulthood (Getz, 1960;Ishida and Dodo, 1990).…”

Section: Effect Of Agementioning

confidence: 99%

The compressive stiffness of human pediatric heads

Loyd

Nightingale

Luck

et al. 2015

Journal of Biomechanics

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Head injury is a persistent and costly problem for both children and adults. Globally, approximately 10 million people are hospitalized each year for head injuries. Knowing the structural properties of the head is important for modeling the response of the head in impact, and for providing insights into mechanisms of head injury. Hence, the goal of this study was to measure the sub-injurious structural stiffness of whole pediatric heads. 12 cadaveric pediatric (20-week-gestation to 16 years old) heads were tested in a battery of viscoelastic compression tests. The heads were compressed in both the lateral and anterior-posterior directions to 5% of gauge length at normalized deformation rates of 0.0005/s, 0.01/s, 0.1/s, and 0.3/s. Because of the non-linear nature of the response, linear regression models were used to calculate toe region (<2.5%) and elastic region (>2.5%) stiffness separately so that meaningful comparisons could be made across rate, age, and direction. The results showed that age was the dominant factor in predicting the structural stiffness of the human head. A large and statistically significant increase in the stiffness of both the toe region and the elastic region was observed with increasing age (p<0.0001), but no significant difference was seen across direction or normalized deformation rate. The stiffness of the elastic region increased from as low as 5 N/mm in the neonate to >4500 N/mm in the 16 year old. The changes in stiffness with age may be attributed to the disappearance of soft sutures and the thickening of skull bones with age.

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Section: Effect Of Agementioning

confidence: 99%

The compressive stiffness of human pediatric heads

Loyd

Nightingale

Luck

et al. 2015

Journal of Biomechanics

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“…The human cranium has been studied from many perspectives, ranging from forensics [1][2][3] fracture mechanics [4], developmental anatomy [5,6] to acoustics [7][8][9][10] and radiology [11]. Now, the emerging field of transcranial focused ultrasound (TcFUS) [12] brings a new set of reasons to examine the material properties of the human skull.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parametric mapping and quantitative analysis of the human calvarium

Voie¹,

Dirnbacher²,

Fisher³

et al. 2014

Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics

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“…Ultimate strain was the only parameter that was sensitive to strain rate, and it increased with strain rate. Davis et al harvested the calvarium from a 6 year old cadaver, and conducted 4 point bending experiments on 47 samples [18]. Samples were classified by morphology as either "cortical only" (n = 7), "sandwiched" defined as layered cortical and trabecular (n = 17), "transitional" defined as between cortical and sandwiched (n = 5), and "across closed suture" (n = 18).…”

Section: Skull Materials Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For pediatric specimens, Davis et al described the properties of suture in the 6 year old, and these data have been discussed above [18]. For the infant, where the suture is quite soft, Coats and Margulies harvested human infant pediatric cranial bone-suture-bone specimens from the coronal suture (n = 14 specimens from 11 calveria) and tested them in tension to rupture at rates of 1.2 and 2.38 m/s [17].…”

Section: Skull Materials Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Biomechanics

Arbogast¹,

Maltese²

2014

Accidental Injury

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During the human postnatal developmental process, extensive tissue and morphological changes occur. Many take place in the first few years of life but substantial development for several body regions continues well into young adulthood. Along with overall change in size, these material and structural changes influence the biomechanical response of child such that they respond differently to traumatic load than an adult. Understanding the unique biomechanical response of the child is challenging, as compared to the wealth of biomechanical data on the adult response to trauma, pediatric biomechanical data are relatively sparse. As a result, quantitative scaling relationships based on anatomical and material differences have been historically used to understand the biomechanics of the child. The last decade, however, has seen a tremendous increase in contributions to the biomechanics literature based upon pediatric subjects -volunteers, postmortem human subjects, and animal models -thus increasing our knowledge of how to design injury mitigation systems to protect the young.In this chapter, aspects of developmental anatomy and biomechanical knowledge are reviewed to provide context for pediatric human injury prediction. Emphasis is initially placed on the head and brain as this body region represents the most common seriously injured body region for children in virtually all unintentional injury modes. Specifically, head injuries are particularly relevant clinically as the developing brain is difficult to evaluate and treat, and even mild brain injuries in childhood can lead to deficits that remain long after the injury. Discussion follows on the cervical spine and thorax as these body regions are not only important from an injury mitigation standpoint but they govern the kinematics of the head during traumatic loading and therefore play a role in head injury protection. A brief description follows for the other body regions: the abdomen

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The mechanical and morphological properties of 6 year-old cranial bone

Cited by 51 publications

References 23 publications

The compressive stiffness of human pediatric heads

The compressive stiffness of human pediatric heads

Parametric mapping and quantitative analysis of the human calvarium

Pediatric Biomechanics

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