“…In light of this, increasing attentions have been given from academia to the exploration of the driving factors that contribute to improving urban carbon emission performance in recent years. A number of studies have examined the various drivers of carbon emission performance from different insights, including economic growth (Schröder and Storm, 2020;Yang and Zhao, 2023), energy efficiency (Bilgili et al, 2023;Lu et al, 2023), foreign direct investment (FDI) (Zhu et al, 2016;Song et al, 2021), internet development (Lin and Zhou, 2021;Pan et al, 2023), corporate governance (Ferrat, 2021;Lv et al, 2021), and digital economy (Zhang et al, 2022;Zhao et al, 2023). However, it is worth noting that there is a scarcity of studies that have specifically examined the potential impacts of domestic research and development (R&D) activities, particularly in the energy field, on the improvement of urban carbon emission performance.…”