The mechanism for the radioprotective effects of zymosan‐A in mice

Du, Jicong; Zhang, Pei; Zhao, Hainan; Dong, Suhe; Yang, Yue; Cui, Jianguo; Gao, Fu; Cai, Jianming; Liu, Cong

doi:10.1111/jcmm.13538

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Zymosan A protected mouse cells from radiation-induced apoptosis by upregulating cytokines such as G-CSF, GM-CSF, IL-6, and IL-12. Zymosan A also protected cells from IR-induced DNA damage and reduced the number of γ-H2AX foci that were caused by IR (Du et al 2018 ).…”

Section: Naturally Occurring Radioprotectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacology of natural radioprotectors

et al. 2018

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Radiotherapy is one of the most efficient ways to treat cancer. However, deleterious effects, such as acute and chronic toxicities that reduce the quality of life, may result. Naturally occurring compounds have been shown to be non-toxic over wide dose ranges and are inexpensive and effective. Additionally, pharmacological strategies have been developed that use radioprotectors to inhibit radiation-induced toxicities. Currently available radioprotectors have several limitations, including toxicity. In this review, we present the mechanisms of proven radioprotectors, ranging from free radical scavenging (the best-known mechanism of radioprotection) to molecular-based radioprotection (e.g., upregulating expression of heat shock proteins). Finally, we discuss naturally occurring compounds with radioprotective properties in the context of these mechanisms.

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Section: Naturally Occurring Radioprotectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacology of natural radioprotectors

et al. 2018

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“…Acute severe radiation‐induced damage has been a worldwide problem 17,18 . Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) play essential roles in recognizing specific components of pathogenic microorganisms and triggering immune system responses 19,20 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel chimeric TLR2/NOD2 agonist CL429 exhibited significant radioprotective effects in mice

Cheng¹,

Du²,

Liu³

et al. 2021

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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Severe ionizing radiation causes the acute lethal damage of haematopoietic system and gastrointestinal tract. Here, we found CL429, the novel chimeric TLR2/NOD2 agonist, exhibited significant radioprotective effects in mice. CL429 increased mice survival, protected mice against the lethal damage of haematopoietic system and gastrointestinal tract. CL429 was more effective than equivalent amounts of monospecific (TLR2 or NOD2) and combination (TLR2 + NOD2) of molecules in preventing radiation‐induced death. The radioprotection of CL429 was mainly mediated by activating TLR2 and partially activating NOD2. CL429‐induced radioprotection was largely dependent on the activation of TLR2‐MyD88‐NF‐κB signalling pathway. In conclusion, the data suggested that the co‐activation of TLR2 and NOD2 could induce significant synergistic radioprotective effects and CL429 might be a potential high‐efficiency selective agent.

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“…It contains a type of dextran linked by β-1,3 glycoside bonds, and can bind to toll-like receptor (TLR)2 on inflammatory cells [ 9 , 10 ]. The use of TLR-2 agonist, like zymosan, has the potential to provide protection against radiation-induced bone marrow cell apoptosis [ 11 ]. Liu and colleagues have found bone marrow cells benefit from the activation of TLR4 and its in vivo ligands in radiation biology [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary study of the toxicity and radioprotective effects of zymosan in vitro and in vivo

Zhang

Leng³

et al. 2021

BMC Pharmacol Toxicol

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Background This study aimed to confirm the cytotoxicity of zymosan in vitro and in vivo and determine the appropriate treatment time and the dose of zymosan. Methods AHH-1 cells and HIECs were administered by 0, 20, 40, 80 or 160 μg/mL zymosan. The CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the cell viability and apoptosis 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after administration. Furthermore, 12 h before irradiation, the cells were treated with 0, 5, 10, or 20 μg/mL zymosan and then irradiated with 4 Gy X-rays. Cell viability and apoptosis were measured by the CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry at 24 h. In addition, the protective effect of zymosan against radiation in vitro was compared to that of 20 μg/mL LPS. In vivo, weight, the spleen index, and the thymus index were measured to evaluate the toxicity of 0, 5, 10, 20, and 10 mg/kg zymosan. In addition, rats were treated with 0, 2, 4, 8, or 10 mg/kg zymosan and then irradiated with 7 Gy X-rays. The survival rate, organ index were evaluated. The protective effect of zymosan against radiation in vivo was compared to that of 10 mg/kg LPS a positive control. Results The viability and apoptosis of cells treated with different doses and treatment times of zymosan were not different from those of control cells (p < 0.05). Furthermore, cell viability and apoptosis were clearly improved after zymosan preadministration (p < 0.05). The radioprotective effect of zymosan was dose-dependent. In addition, the viability of cells pretreated with zymosan was higher than that of cells pretreated with LPS, and the apoptosis rate of zymosan-treated cells was lower than that of cells pretreated with LPS (p < 0.05). In vivo, weight, the spleen index and the thymus index were significantly decreased by zymosan at a concentration of 20 mg/kg (p < 0.05). Further experiments showed that the concentration at which zymosan exerted radioprotective effects was 10 mg/kg. The survival curves in the irradiated rats were barely separated between the LPS treatment and zymosan treatment. Conclusion Zymosan administration before radiation exposure significantly increased cell viability and the survival rates of rats.

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The mechanism for the radioprotective effects of zymosan‐A in mice

Cited by 13 publications

References 34 publications

Pharmacology of natural radioprotectors

Pharmacology of natural radioprotectors

Novel chimeric TLR2/NOD2 agonist CL429 exhibited significant radioprotective effects in mice

Preliminary study of the toxicity and radioprotective effects of zymosan in vitro and in vivo

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