The Mediatization of E-Campaigning: Evidence From German Party Websites in State, National, and European Parliamentary Elections 2002-2009

Emotional politics on Facebook. An exploratory study of Podemos’ discourse during the European election campaign 2014

“…This confirms that Podemos' use of the Internet was electorally driven, since they mainly used it as a tool to deploy their persuasive-strategic discourse, instead of trying to recover a direct link with voters or promote citizen deliberation (Dader et al, 2011). In that sense, our results with regards to the topics and the limited "deliberability" (Valera, 2014b) of the posts contribute to ratify the normalization hypothesis (Schweitzer, 2009;Druckman et al, 2010).…”

“…In this way, the accumulated experience seems to confirm the normalization hypothesis, namely, the idea that the technopolitical practices of the Internet reproduce the main features of the offline campaigns (Druckman, kifer and Parkin, 2010;Schweitzer, 2009). In other words, political actors are using the Internet mainly in order to foster marketing purposes, not to stimulate political pedagogy or to promote debate among citizens.…”

“…Political communication research has shown that electoral campaigns in Western countries are undergoing a process of modernization, whose main objective is to achieve the maximum level of electoral effectiveness through a series of techniques imported from corporate marketing (Maarek, 2009) and different refined ways of attracting media attention (Swanson and Mancini, 1996;Gibson and Römmele, 2007).…”

Pandering, protesting, engaging. Norwegian party leaders on Facebook during the 2013 ‘Short campaign'

“…Specifically, the six-part rationale discussed earlier was utilized for these purposes. Following similar, previous scholarship, the quality of coding was assessed by testing for intra-coder reliability, recoding a randomly selected 20% sample of the full 548 post set (Klinger, 2013;Schweitzer, 2012;Small, 2012). Given the nominal nature of the data, and following the recommendations of Lombard, Snyder-Duch, and Bracken (2002), Krippendorf's α was employed by means of the macro available for IBM SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) (Hayes & Krippendorff, 2007).…”

“…Specifically, the category not only encompasses critical utterances directed towards political competitors, but also includes those statements made by politicians that critique other societal actors, such as media outlets. Indeed, as negative news appear to play a substantial part in the mediated coverage of politics (Schweitzer, 2012), we might expect politicians to react towards being portrayed in a certain way, or towards having their issue statements described incorrectlyas they themselves see it.…”