2016
DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.10.004
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The Medieval Climate Anomaly and Byzantium: A review of the evidence on climatic fluctuations, economic performance and societal change

Abstract: At the beginning of the Medieval Climate Anomaly, in the ninth and tenth century, the medieval eastern Roman empire, more usually known as Byzantium, was recovering from its early medieval crisis and experiencing favourable climatic conditions for the agricultural and demographic growth. Although in the Balkans and Anatolia such favourable climate conditions were prevalent during the eleventh century, parts of the imperial territories were facing significant challenges as a result of external political/militar… Show more

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Cited by 99 publications
(68 citation statements)
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“…Climate variations during this period have left their traces on human history, such as the documented impacts of the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and the Little Ice Age (LIA) (e.g. Pfister and Brázdil, 2006;Büntgen et al, 2016;Xoplaki et al, 2016;Camenisch et al, 2016). Nevertheless, there is still a debate regarding the relative contribution of internal variability and external forcing factors to natural fluctuations in the Earth's climate system and how they compare to the present anthropogenic global warming .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Climate variations during this period have left their traces on human history, such as the documented impacts of the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and the Little Ice Age (LIA) (e.g. Pfister and Brázdil, 2006;Büntgen et al, 2016;Xoplaki et al, 2016;Camenisch et al, 2016). Nevertheless, there is still a debate regarding the relative contribution of internal variability and external forcing factors to natural fluctuations in the Earth's climate system and how they compare to the present anthropogenic global warming .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Numerous dendroclimatological studies were performed in northern Europe (e.g. Esper et al, 2007;Kausrud et al, 2010;Corona et al, 2010;Tegel et al, 2010;Büntgen et al, 2011;Büntgen et al, 2016;Gogou et al, 2016;Luterbacher et al, 2016;Xoplaki et al, 2016;Holmgren et al, 2016), in the eastern Mediterranean basin (e.g. Touchan et al, 2005;Touchan et al, 2007;Akkemik et al, 2008;Köse et al, 2011;Köse et al, 2013), in central Asia (e.g.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Potentially useful documentary evidence is available in most of Europe and the Mediterranean regions, although only a few regions include hydroclimatic studies (including droughts, floods, and other extremes), these being in the Czech Republic, Germany, the eastern Mediterranean, Byzantium, Hungary, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, and the UK (Brazdil et al, 2005(Brazdil et al, , 2012(Brazdil et al, , 2013Luterbacher et al, 2006;Wetter et al, 2011Wetter et al, , 2014Dobrovolny et al, 2015;Mozny et al, 2016;Xoplaki et al, 2016;Domínguez-Castro et al, 2008, 2014Barriendos et al, 2003Barriendos et al, , 2014Todd et al, 2013;Benito et al, 2015;. New and promising data from other regions do exist, but they have not yet been fully explored.…”
Section: Europementioning
confidence: 99%