The MEGAPIE-TEST project: Supporting research and lessons learned in first-of-a-kind spallation target technology

Fazio, Claudio; Gröschel, F.; Wagner, W.; Thomsen, K.; Smith, Brian L.; Stieglitz, Robert; Zanini, L.; Guertin, Arnaud; Cadiou, Anne; Henry, J.; Agostini, P.; Dai, Yong; Heyck, H.; Dementjev, S.; Panebianco, S.; Almazouzi, A.; Eikenberg, J.; Letourneau, A.; Toussaint, J.C.; Janett, A.; Perret, Ch.; Joray, St.; Patorski, J.; Leung, W. M.; Méloni, P.; Turroni, P.; Zucchini, A.; Benamati, G.; Konys, J.; Auger, T.; Gessi, Alessandro; Gorse, D.; Serre, Ingrid Proriol; Terlain, A.; Vogt, Jean; Batta, A.; Class, Andreas G.; Xu, Cheng; Fellmoser, F.; Daubner, M.; Gnieser, S.; Grötzbach, G.; Milenković, Rade Ž.; Latgé, C.; Knebel, J.U.

doi:10.1016/j.nucengdes.2007.11.006

Cited by 67 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…230 ∘ C [11] and finally returned to the nuclear reaction zone. In the topmost part of the target, the LBE loop was connected to an expansion volume, where the liquid metal was in contact with a cover gas (Ar).…”

Section: Irradiationmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Radiochemical determination of ¹²⁹I and ³⁶Cl in MEGAPIE, a proton irradiated lead-bismuth eutectic spallation target

Hammer-Rotzler¹,

Neuhausen

Vockenhuber

et al. 2015

Radiochimica Acta

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Abstract:The concentrations of the long-lived nuclear reaction products 129 I and 36 Cl have been measured in samples from the MEGAPIE liquid metal spallation target. Samples from the bulk target material (lead-bismuth eutectic, LBE), from the interface of the metal free surface with the cover gas, from LBE/steel interfaces and from noble metal absorber foils installed in the cover gas system were analysed using Accelerator Mass Spectrometry at the Laboratory of Ion beam Physics at ETH Zürich. The major part of 129 I and 36 Cl was found accumulated on the interfaces, particularly at the interface of LBE and the steel walls of the target container, while bulk LBE samples contain only a minor fraction of these nuclides. Both nuclides were also detected on the absorber foils to a certain extent (≪ 1% of the total amount). The latter number is negligible concerning the radio-hazard of the irradiated target material; however it indicates a certain affinity of the absorber foils for halogens, thus proving the principle of using noble metal foils for catching these volatile radionuclides. The total amounts of 129 I and 36 Cl in the target were estimated from the analytical data by averaging within the different groups of samples and summing up these averages over the total target. This estimation could account for about half of the amount of 129 I and 36 Cl predicted to be produced using nuclear physics modelling codes for both nuclides. The significance of the results and the associated uncertainties are discussed.

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Section: Irradiationmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…At the beam entry with the highest proton density the LBE was heated by the proton beam to about 340 ∘ C to 350 ∘ C [11,12]. From this nuclear reaction zone, the liquid metal moved upwards through the electromagnetic pump until it was diverted close to the top of the target (segment H07) to flow down again through the heat exchanger,…”

Section: Irradiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiochemical determination of ¹²⁹I and ³⁶Cl in MEGAPIE, a proton irradiated lead-bismuth eutectic spallation target

Hammer-Rotzler¹,

Neuhausen

Vockenhuber

et al. 2015

Radiochimica Acta

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“…Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tools are commonly used for the thermal and hydraulic design of facilities operating with liquidmetal, e.g., MYRRHA [17], ESS [18] and EURISOL [8,19]. Furthermore, important aspects of CFD analysis such as the turbulence modeling, pressure field and pressure drop in a liquid-metal flow have been validated in the framework of thermal-hydraulics design of the MEGAPIE LBE target [8,19].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, important aspects of CFD analysis such as the turbulence modeling, pressure field and pressure drop in a liquid-metal flow have been validated in the framework of thermal-hydraulics design of the MEGAPIE LBE target [8,19]. These tools are less expensive and faster to implement for a design-optimization procedure than prototyping each optimization step.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CFD analysis and optimization of a liquid lead–bismuth loop target for ISOL facilities

Houngbo

Popescu

Schuurmans

et al. 2015

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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a b s t r a c tIn the context of the forthcoming next generation of Radioactive Ion Beams (RIBs) facilities based on an Isotope Separation On Line (ISOL) method, the development of production targets capable of dissipating the high power deposited by the primary beam is a major challenge. The concept of a high-power target based on a liquid Pb-Bi loop incorporating a heat-exchanger and a diffusion chamber was proposed within EURISOL DS and is being developed within the LIEBE 1 project. Due to the non-static character of the target, specific hydrodynamics issues are of concern. In this paper, these issues are studied mostly based on three-dimensional (3D) Computational Fluid Dynamics analysis of the flow of the Lead Bismuth Eutectic (LBE) target, resulting in optimized designs. The concept and hydrodynamic challenges of generating RIBs from a liquid-metal-loop target irradiated with a high-power primary beam are presented. The optimization of the target design has been conducted keeping in mind the need for a fast and efficient release of short-lived isotopes. This study shows that approximately 100 ms after the proton pulse the irradiated liquid-metal is entirely and uniformly evacuated from the irradiation volume and spread in a shower of small droplets (100-μm radii), in order to reduce the diffusion length of isotopes. Solutions to deal with the typical cavitation risk due to the presence of low-pressure zones in the liquid have also been found and simulated.

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“…Moreover, an extensive Post Irradiation Examinations (PIE) programme, taking advantage of ongoing irradiation experiments (see e.g. [8,9]) will contribute to the assessment of the two classes of materials. Finally, an important part of the GETMAT project is dedicated to the fundamental understanding of the physical mechanisms that are the basis of the materials behaviour under irradiation through multi-scale modelling activities and experimental validation.…”

Section: Innovative Nuclear Systems and Materials Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

European cross-cutting research on structural materials for Generation IV and transmutation systems

Fazio

Alamo

Almazouzi

et al. 2009

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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The MEGAPIE-TEST project: Supporting research and lessons learned in first-of-a-kind spallation target technology

Cited by 67 publications

References 13 publications

Radiochemical determination of ¹²⁹I and ³⁶Cl in MEGAPIE, a proton irradiated lead-bismuth eutectic spallation target

Radiochemical determination of ¹²⁹I and ³⁶Cl in MEGAPIE, a proton irradiated lead-bismuth eutectic spallation target

CFD analysis and optimization of a liquid lead–bismuth loop target for ISOL facilities

European cross-cutting research on structural materials for Generation IV and transmutation systems

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The MEGAPIE-TEST project: Supporting research and lessons learned in first-of-a-kind spallation target technology

Cited by 67 publications

References 13 publications

Radiochemical determination of 129I and 36Cl in MEGAPIE, a proton irradiated lead-bismuth eutectic spallation target

Radiochemical determination of 129I and 36Cl in MEGAPIE, a proton irradiated lead-bismuth eutectic spallation target

CFD analysis and optimization of a liquid lead–bismuth loop target for ISOL facilities

European cross-cutting research on structural materials for Generation IV and transmutation systems

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Radiochemical determination of ¹²⁹I and ³⁶Cl in MEGAPIE, a proton irradiated lead-bismuth eutectic spallation target

Radiochemical determination of ¹²⁹I and ³⁶Cl in MEGAPIE, a proton irradiated lead-bismuth eutectic spallation target