“…Hydroxyapatite (HA) is primarily derived from oceanic coral processing and closely resembles the calcium-to-phosphorus ratio found in human bones, rendering it highly biocompatible. This trait has prompted the extensive utilization of HA in fabricating scaffolding materials for tissue-engineered bone constructs [ 1 , 2 ]. Bone tissue engineering is an emerging field that integrates cell biology and materials engineering to fabricate bone tissue in vitro.…”