The Mental Protection System for Protective Behaviors: The Social Brain and the Mental Immune System

Chung, Ding-Yu

doi:10.4236/jbbs.2018.81003

Cited by 10 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…All social animals have instinctive relations to form the default social structures without training or with little training. The human social brain [3] consists of sociality for instinctive intragroup relations and worldview for instinctive intergroup relations. In the human social brain, sociality for intragroup relations consists of collectivistic, individualistic, interdependent, and generativity relations.…”

Section: The Social Brain: Statementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the human social brain, sociality for intragroup relations consists of collectivistic, individualistic, interdependent, and generativity relations. Collectivistic relation benefits vulnerable children against neglect by forming kinship group [3] [5] whose relations depend on commitment to a social group rather than reciprocal benefit of individuals. The origin of collectivistic sociality is the social group of caregivers and vulnerable children.…”

Section: The Social Brain: Statementioning

confidence: 99%

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The Mental Origins and the Evolution of Political Order

Chung¹

2019

JBBS

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The paper proposes that the four-component structure of political order consists of state, imagination, rule, and accountability whose mental origins are the social brain, theory of mind, the rational brain, and the empirical brain, respectively. The rational brain and the empirical brain are from the thinking brain. This paper posits that in the evolution of political order, the main function of political order is to pacify changed social structure derived from technological revolution. Therefore, the four technological revolutions (the Upper Paleolithic, Agricultural-Bronze, Iron, and Industrial Revolutions) produce the four changed social structures (linked bands, tribe, mega empire, and modern nation, respectively) whose internal conflicts are pacified by the four political revolutions (the imaginative, hierarchical, thinking, bottom-up political revolutions, respectively) to form the four politics (the imaginative egalitarianism, decentralized hierarchical tribalism, centralized top-down thinking, and multilateral bottom-up thinking politics, respectively). In the competitive West originated from Greece and Middle East, the rule of law is the rational rule of competition among competitors, and the accountability of election is the empirical accountability of competition among competitors. In the cooperative East originated from India and China, the rule of relation is the rational rule of cooperation among kin-friends, and the accountability of professional qualification is the empirical accountability of cooperation among kin-friends. For political order, the two viable politics are competitive liberal democracy based on liberty and cooperative well-off democracy (well-off socialism) based on wellbeing. The direction of political order is middle democracy between liberal democracy and well-off democracy based on the multilateral bottom-up thinking politics. IntroductionAccording to Francis Fukuyama [1] [2], political order of liberal democracy consists of three components: the state, the independent rule of law, and the independent accountability of election. A successful liberal democracy combines the three components in perfect balance. State as central authority is strong, but it is bound by a transparent system of rule of law and accountability of election to the will of the people. The book [1] traces the development of political order from the earliest human societies, which were small bands of hunter-gatherers. The original default state of hunter-gatherers was built on sociability derived from kin selection and reciprocal altruism. The first major social development was the transition from hunter-gatherer bands to tribes, made possible by the religion of common ancestors that united large numbers of bands. Warfare also forced the second major social transition, from decentralized tribes to centralized states which offered a better chance of survival. Much of the book's analysis concerns how states develop from tribes. Different states have incorporated the three components of political order differe...

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Section: The Social Brain: Statementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Social Brain: Statementioning

confidence: 99%

The Mental Origins and the Evolution of Political Order

Chung¹

2019

JBBS

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“…The political brain is derived from the social brain. The social brain consists of sociality for intragroup relations and worldview for intergroup relations [8]. In Table 1.…”

Section: The Social Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary Origin of Politics and Political Evolution: Neuropolitics

Chung¹

2018

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The paper proposes that the evolutionary origin of politics is based on imaginary prosocial societies for large-scale cooperation at the beginning of civilization established by large-scale civilized social groups. According to Dunbar, the size of the human brain is adapted to the manageable group size of about 150 people (Dunbar's Number). A manageable large-scale civilized social group much more than 150 people could not exist sustainably. To enhance group survival chance under such existential group-size pressure, large-scale civilized social groups invented politics for large-scale cooperation based on imaginary prosocial societies which founded prosocial religions of ancestor worship and high gods to enforce prosociality. (In modern times, imaginary prosocial societies founded secular nationalisms with elaborate rituals, monuments, and devotions to enforce prosociality.) This imaginary prosocial society became the foundation for a large-scale social group to establish a civilized social order for large-scale cooperation. Therefore, politics is defined as a civilized social order for large-group cooperation based on a shared imaginary prosocial society to enhance group survival chance under existential group-size pressure. Under politics with civilized social order, all types of large-scale cooperation became possible. In this paper, neuropolitics as the combination of neuroscience and political science is based on the political brain derived from the social brain through imagination and rationality. It explains the evolutionary origin of politics and the political evolution. The political imagination for imaginary prosocial society is derived from theory of mind that generates an imaginary prosocial society to have its own mind in its own imaginary world. The political rationality is derived from the rational brain that generates subjective rationality to defend a political view and objective rationality to create a new political view dialectically.

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“…The extreme unregulated countermeasures result in personality-mental disorders as mental allergies and mental autoimmune diseases like physical allergies and autoimmune diseases without regulators [5]. A symptom of perso-nality-mental disorders as mental allergies and mental autoimmune diseases is the overactive countermeasure against ubiquitous perceived adversity.…”

Section: Mental Protective System Partsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The objective of the paper is to establish such universal psychological mechanism for developmental psychology. In this paper, the proposed universal psychological mechanism for the developmental stages of life is the mental protective system [5] whose different parts emerge and mature in different stages under different social interactions. This development is the psychosocial protective development to combine the mental protective system and social interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%