The Metabolic Formation and Utilization of 5‐Oxo‐
            <scp>L</scp>
            ‐proline (
            <scp>L</scp>
            ‐Pyroglutamate,
            <scp>L</scp>
            ‐Pyrrolidone Carboxylate)

Werf, P. van der; Meister, Alton

doi:10.1002/9780470122884.ch7

Cited by 23 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…2). Notably, 5-oxoproline, which is a degradation product of glutathione, produced and used in the gamma-glutamyl cycle was increased by 1.4-fold ( P < 0.007) (20). All other metabolites, which belong to various essential metabolic pathways such as purine/pyrimidine metabolism where hypoxanthine, uridine, deoxyuridine, cytosine, AMP and ADP were found to be lower by 2.7-, 2.0-, 10-, 2.0-, 1.4- and 2.5-fold, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomic Analysis of Mice Exposed to Gamma Radiation Reveals a Systemic Understanding of Total-Body Exposure

Golla

Krausz

et al. 2017

Radiation Research

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Diagnostic markers are needed for accidental or deliberate radiation exposure that could cause acute and chronic radiation toxicity. Biomarkers of temporal, dose-dependent, aging-attenuated and multiple radiation exposures have been previously described by others. However, the physiological origin and biochemical networks that generate these biomarkers and their association at the molecular level have yet to be explored. Hence, the discovery and identification of total-body-irradiation-induced tissue specific biomarkers remains an enormous challenge within radiation biodosimetry research. To determine the tissue level response of total-body exposure (6 Gy), metabolomics analysis was carried out on radiosensitive tissues bone marrow, ileum, liver, muscle and lung as well as serum and on urine within 12 h postirradiation. Differences in the metabolic signatures between the sham and gamma-irradiated groups were analyzed by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-based ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOFMS). A panel of 67 biomarkers identified in radiosensitive tissues and biofluids (serum and urine) at a 6 Gy dose. Among the identified biomarkers, 3-methylglutarylcarnitine (3-MGC) was found to be a novel metabolite in liver, serum and urine that could potentially be an early radiation response marker. The degree of metabolic changes among different tissues showed perturbations in pathways including DNA methylation, energy, nucleic acid, amino acid, glutathione and bile acid metabolism. These results highlight metabolomics as a potential novel approach to understand functional alterations in the metabolome that could be adapted for use in the rapid assessment of radiation exposure and triage protocols in the case of nuclear incidents.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomic Analysis of Mice Exposed to Gamma Radiation Reveals a Systemic Understanding of Total-Body Exposure

Golla

Krausz

et al. 2017

Radiation Research

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“…This yellow pigment was very probably obtained by a lead-rich phase [ Fig. 4(d)], [48] although the Raman distinction between Pb-Sb, Pb-Sn, Pb-Sb-Sn or Pb-Sb-Sn-Fe oxides is debatable, because different factors such as the thermal treatment and the exact composition of the pyrochlore solid solution Pb 2 Sb 2ÀxÀy Fe x Sn y O 7Àd can result in slight variations in the Raman spectra. [49,50] To obtain a final green colour, a cobalt-based material has been added.…”

Section: Greenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined analysis of enamelled and gilded glassware from Frederick II Castle at Melfi (Italy) to identify technology and raw materials

et al. 2015

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A group of enamelled and gilded glass objects, coming from Melfi Castle (PZ - Italy) from an area dated to the period between the end of the 12th and the last quarter of the 13th century, offered the opportunity to closely investigate this technology with the aim of understanding the raw materials and the procedures employed to realize the objects and their precious decorations. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to observe and analyze the glass, the enamels, the gildings and their mutual relations. The bulk of the objects resulted a soda-lime glass, while the enamels are lead-based 'soft' enamels or soda-lime glass; the palette of pigments employed to obtain their colours included iron III oxide and minium for red, lazurite and/or cobalt for blue, lead-tin-antimony pyrochlore solid solution oxide (yellow) plus cobalt for green, manganese oxides for black and calcium phosphate for white. Results obtained for gilding, in particular stratigraphy and morphology, suggest the use of the so called 'liquid gold'

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“…8) PGA is present in its free form in the mammalian brain, eye, plasma and cerebrospinal fluids. 9,10) Recently, our group found that PGA promotes the survival of axotomized retinal ganglion cells in adult mammalians, possibly mediated by excitatory amino acid transfer.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of Enhanced Rabbit Intraocular Pressure by Instillation of Pyroglutamic Acid Eye Drops

Ito

Nagai

Okamoto

et al. 2013

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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l-Pyroglutamic acid (PGA) is an endogenous molecule derived from l-glutamate. We demonstrate the effects of PGA on intraocular pressure (IOP) in experimentally induced ocular hypertension in rabbits. In the in vitro and in vivo transcorneal penetration studies, the PGA solution (PGA in saline) did not penetrate the rabbit cornea. On the other hand, the penetration of PGA was improved by the addition of zinc chloride and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD), and PGA penetration was enhanced with increasing HPCD concentration. Therefore, PGA solutions containing 0.5% zinc chloride and 5% or 10% HPCD (PGA/ HPCD 5% or 10% eye drops) were used to investigate the effects for IOP in this study. An elevation in IOP was induced by the rapid infusion of 5% glucose solution (15 mL/kg of body weight) through the marginal ear vein or maintaining under dark phase for 5 h. In the both models, the induced elevation in IOP was prevented by the instillation of PGA/HPCD eye drops, and the IOP-reducing effect enhanced with increasing HPCD concentration in the drops. Nitric oxide (NO) levels elevated in the aqueous humor following the infusion of 5% glucose solution, and this increase was also suppressed by the instillation of PGA/HPCD eye drops. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that the instillation of PGA/HPCD eye drops has an IOP-reducing effect in rabbits with experimentally induced ocular hypertension, probably as a result of the suppression of NO production.

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The Metabolic Formation and Utilization of 5‐Oxo‐ L ‐proline ( L ‐Pyroglutamate, L ‐Pyrrolidone Carboxylate)

Cited by 23 publications

References 96 publications

Metabolomic Analysis of Mice Exposed to Gamma Radiation Reveals a Systemic Understanding of Total-Body Exposure

Metabolomic Analysis of Mice Exposed to Gamma Radiation Reveals a Systemic Understanding of Total-Body Exposure

Combined analysis of enamelled and gilded glassware from Frederick II Castle at Melfi (Italy) to identify technology and raw materials

Reduction of Enhanced Rabbit Intraocular Pressure by Instillation of Pyroglutamic Acid Eye Drops

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