The Metabolic Syndrome

Potenza, Matthew; Mechanick, Jeffrey I.

doi:10.1177/0884533609342436

Cited by 129 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 196 publications

(173 reference statements)

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“…Dietary fat has been implicated in the pathogenesis of this syndrome via ectopic adipose tissue deposition [21,22]. Different classes of fatty acids appear to have different effects on body fat accretion [23-26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma fatty acid changes following consumption of dietary oils containing n-3, n-6, and n-9 fatty acids at different proportions: preliminary findings of the Canola Oil Multicenter Intervention Trial (COMIT)

Senanayake

Jenkins

et al. 2014

Trials

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BackgroundThe Canola Oil Multicenter Intervention Trial (COMIT) was a randomized controlled crossover study designed to evaluate the effects of five diets that provided different oils and/or oil blends on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in individuals with abdominal obesity. The present objective is to report preliminary findings on plasma fatty acid profiles in volunteers with abdominal obesity, following the consumption of diets enriched with n-3, n-6 and n-9 fatty acids.MethodsCOMIT was conducted at three clinical sites, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, Québec City, Québec, Canada and University Park, Pennsylvania, United States. Inclusion criteria were at least one of the followings: waist circumference (≥90 cm for males and ≥84 cm for females), and at least one other criterion: triglycerides ≥1.7 mmol/L, high density lipoprotein cholesterol <1 mmol/L (males) or <1.3 mmol/L (females), blood pressure ≥130 mmHg (systolic) and/or ≥85 mmHg (diastolic), and glucose ≥5.5 mmol/L. Weight-maintaining diets that included shakes with one of the dietary oil blends were provided during each of the five 30-day dietary phases. Dietary phases were separated by four-week washout periods. Treatment oils were canola oil, high oleic canola oil, high oleic canola oil enriched with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), flax oil and safflower oil blend, and corn oil and safflower oil blend. A per protocol approach with a mixed model analysis was decided to be appropriate for data analysis.ResultsOne hundred and seventy volunteers were randomized and 130 completed the study with a dropout rate of 23.5%. The mean plasma total DHA concentrations, which were analyzed among all participants as a measure of adherence, increased by more than 100% in the DHA-enriched phase, compared to other phases, demonstrating excellent dietary adherence.ConclusionsRecruitment and retention strategies were effective in achieving a sufficient number of participants who completed the study protocol to enable sufficient statistical power to resolve small differences in outcome measures. It is expected that the study will generate important data thereby enhancing our understanding of the effects of n-3, n-6, and n-9 fatty acid-containing oils on CVD risks.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT01351012.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma fatty acid changes following consumption of dietary oils containing n-3, n-6, and n-9 fatty acids at different proportions: preliminary findings of the Canola Oil Multicenter Intervention Trial (COMIT)

Senanayake

Jenkins

et al. 2014

Trials

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“…Lifestyle changes such as an excessive caloric intake are indicated as important factors in initiating obesity and the associated metabolic and cardiovascular disorders [1–4]. This prevalent human condition is now collectively referred to as “metabolic syndrome” [3, 4]. Leading definitions of metabolic syndrome differ mainly in threshold values but in general emphasise the clustering of abdominal obesity, dyslipidaemia, hyperglycaemia, a prothrombotic state, and hypertension in increasing an individual's risk of developing type II diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease earlier in adult life [5–10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological Inhibition of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Ameliorates Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rats

Iyer

Kauter

Alam

et al. 2012

Experimental Diabetes Research

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The signs of metabolic syndrome following chronic excessive macronutrient intake include body weight gain, excess visceral adipose deposition, hyperglycaemia, glucose and insulin intolerances, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, endothelial damage, cardiovascular hypertrophy, inflammation, ventricular contractile dysfunction, fibrosis, and fatty liver disease. Recent studies show increased activity of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) during obesity and metabolic dysfunction. We have tested whether sEH inhibition has therapeutic potential in a rat model of diet-induced metabolic syndrome. In these high-carbohydrate, high-fat-fed rats, chronic oral treatment with trans-4-[4-(3-adamantan-1-ylureido)-cyclohexyloxy]-benzoic acid (t-AUCB), a potent sEH inhibitor, alleviated the signs of metabolic syndrome in vivo including glucose, insulin, and lipid abnormalities, changes in pancreatic structure, increased systolic blood pressure, cardiovascular structural and functional abnormalities, and structural and functional changes in the liver. The present study describes the pharmacological responses to this selective sEH inhibitor in rats with the signs of diet-induced metabolic syndrome.

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“…Obesity has been described as a cluster of metabolic derangements associated with disturbance in adipose tissue and abnormal visceral fat accumulation from physical inactivity and excess of calories in genetically susceptible individuals (112). Inflammatory abnormalities and oxidative stress are characteristic findings of both obesity and metabolic syndrome.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Podocyte Injury or Dysfuctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase activating mechanisms and signaling pathways

Camici

Galetta²,

Abraham³

et al. 2015

Front Biosci

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Obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG) is morphologically defined as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and glomerulomegaly. Podocyte hypertrophy and reduced density are related to proteinuria which in a portion of patients is in the nephrotic range and evolvs towards renal failure. This article reviews the pathogenetic mechanisms of podocyte injury or dysfunction and lists new possible antiproteinuric strategies based on pharmaceutical targeting of the reported pathogenetic mechanisms. The pathogenetic mechnisms discussed include: renin angiotensin system, plasminogen activation inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), lipid metabolism, adiponectin, macrophages and proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress. The proposed antiproteinuric strategies include: AT2 receptor blockers; adipokine complement C19 TNF-related protein-1 blocker; selective PAI-1 inhibitor; farnesoid x receptor activation; increase of circulating adiponectin; selective antiinflammatory drugs; more potent antioxidants (Heme oxigenase, NOX4 inhibitors). However, because ORG is a rare disease, the need for a long term pharmaceutical approach in obese proteinuric patients should be carefully evaluated and limited to the cases with progressive loss of renal function.

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The Metabolic Syndrome

Cited by 129 publications

References 196 publications

Plasma fatty acid changes following consumption of dietary oils containing n-3, n-6, and n-9 fatty acids at different proportions: preliminary findings of the Canola Oil Multicenter Intervention Trial (COMIT)

Plasma fatty acid changes following consumption of dietary oils containing n-3, n-6, and n-9 fatty acids at different proportions: preliminary findings of the Canola Oil Multicenter Intervention Trial (COMIT)

Pharmacological Inhibition of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Ameliorates Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rats

Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase activating mechanisms and signaling pathways

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