The Metal Resources (METRO) Model. A Dynamic Partial Equilibrium Model for Metal Markets Applied to Rare Earth Elements

Pothen, Frank

doi:10.2139/ssrn.2379448

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Combined use of MFA and EDO was found in 30 studies, (12 PE and 18 CGE). From an MFA point of view, this combination is used to capture market responses related to changes in the physical material system, such as technical ME strategies (Skelton et al., 2020) or changes in trade policies (Lenglet et al., 2017; Pothen, 2013). The integration of MFA into established EDO and NEDO models, such as integrated assessment and energy optimization models, has been pursued to include materials into the models, which are typically ignored (Kullmann et al., 2021; Pauliuk et al., 2017).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Establishing such models could also be useful for prospective dynamic material criticality assessments, making such criticality assessments more applicable for decision-making (Ioannidou et al, 2019). PE or ABS, for instance, have been used to include behavior elements in MFA models and explore future dynamics in metal supply chains (Pothen, 2013;Riddle et al, 2015Riddle et al, , 2020.…”

Section: National and Global Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quo vadisMFA? Integrated material flow analysis to support material efficiency

Baars

Rajaeifar

Heidrich

2022

J of Industrial Ecology

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Material efficiency (ME) strategies are pursued by governments and companies to reduce environmental emissions, improve supply chain resilience, and enhance cost competitiveness. Material flow analysis (MFA) methods are useful to quantify raw material stocks and flows and assess the potential impacts of ME strategies. Although the popularity of MFA methods is increasing, there are methodological limitations that hinder its use as a decision support tool for prospective assessments. To overcome some of these, MFA is increasingly integrated with other methods from different research fields. This paper categorizes integrated MFA methods by identifying and explaining the methods and their applications. A semi-structured literature review screened a wide range of methods integrated with MFA prospective analysis and evaluated their applications from 158 studies. This showed that integrated MFA can be used to: (1) include economic, social, and environmental layers; (2) improve the technical foundation of MFA by including entropy and exergy analyses and process engineering methods; (3) include economic mechanisms and link the economic system to the material system; and (4) improve the representation of materials in existing methods and models. Our research demonstrates that integrated MFA should be a central method in planning and designing ME strategies for companies and governments. This paper provides an important knowledge base of integrated MFA methods and creates a discussion point on MFA, where the research field is currently at or indeed where it could be heading in the future, that is, "Quo Vadis" MFA.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: National and Global Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quo vadisMFA? Integrated material flow analysis to support material efficiency

Baars

Rajaeifar

Heidrich

2022

J of Industrial Ecology

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“…Optimistic scenarios as in Pothen (2013Pothen ( , 2014 appear less likely. If China is able to restrict exports using the licensing system, it can retain its influence on rare earth markets.…”

Section: New Non-chinese Suppliersmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The entry of non-Chinese suppliers could deteriorate China's market power (Pothen, 2013(Pothen, , 2014.…”

Section: Supplymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Political Economy of China's Export Restrictions on Rare Earth Elements

Pothen

Fink

2015

SSRN Journal

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Die Dis cus si on Pape rs die nen einer mög lichst schnel len Ver brei tung von neue ren For schungs arbei ten des ZEW. Die Bei trä ge lie gen in allei ni ger Ver ant wor tung der Auto ren und stel len nicht not wen di ger wei se die Mei nung des ZEW dar.Dis cus si on Papers are inten ded to make results of ZEW research prompt ly avai la ble to other eco no mists in order to encou ra ge dis cus si on and sug gesti ons for revi si ons. The aut hors are sole ly respon si ble for the con tents which do not neces sa ri ly repre sent the opi ni on of the ZEW. A Political Economy of China's Export Restrictions on Rare Earth ElementsFrank Pothen * † Kilian Fink ‡ April 20, 2015 AbstractWe investigate why governments restrict exports of exotic raw materials taking rare earth elements as a case study. Trade restrictions on exotic materials do not have immediate macroeconomic effects. Relocating rare earth intensive industries is found to be the main reason behind China's export barriers. They are part of a more extensive strategy aiming at creating comparative advantages in these sectors and at overcoming path dependencies. Moreover, export barriers serve as a second-best instrument to reduce pollution and to slow down the depletion of exhaustible resources.Growing domestic rare earth consumption renders those increasingly ineffective. Rising reliance on mine-site regulation indicates that this fact is taken into account. Rare earth extraction is dominated by a few large companies; the demand side is dispersed.That speaks against successful lobbying for export restrictions. It appears as if the export barriers are set up to compensate mining firms.JEL Classifications: Q37,Q38,D78, P26

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“…In the model, mines can increase their capacities incurring convex investment costs. The investment cost function is calibrated to replicate proposed mine sizes closely (Pothen, 2013) China's Rare Earth production needs to be modeled differently. The mining sector includes some very large producers, in particular the Bayan Obo mine, and is subject to tight and increasing government control.…”

Section: Mining Sectormentioning

confidence: 99%