The creation and effective functioning of the occupational health and safety management system is the basis of occupational safety at the enterprise. The purpose of the research is to ensure safe working conditions by improving the efficiency of the enterprise's occupational safety management system based on the theory of risk management. The article proposes a methodology for improving the efficiency of the occupational safety and health management system, which allows to analyse the state of occupational safety and health at the enterprise, develop a unified register of risk-forming factors for the organisation, establish numerical values of occupational risk at each workplace and identify the most significant groups of risk-forming factors. For high-risk workplaces, measures are being developed to reduce the risk of exposure to environmental factors on the employee, which contributes to improving the effectiveness of the occupational safety management system. The result of the research is to develop an accessible and practical application-oriented methodology for improving the efficiency of the enterprise's occupational safety management system, based on the assessment and management of occupational risks, which improves the actual state of working conditions at the enterprise.