The Micro-Flow Reaction System Featured the Liquid–Liquid Interface Created with Ternary Mixed Carrier Solvents in a Capillary Tube

Abstract

A micro-flow reaction system was developed in which liquid-liquid interface was created based on the tube radial distribution of ternary mixed carrier solvents. The system was constructed from double capillary tubes having different inner diameters (100 and 250 µm i.d.). The smaller tube was inserted into the larger one through a T-type joint. The reaction of a protein with a fluorescence derivatizing reagent was adopted as a model. A water-acetonitrile mixture (3:1 volume ratio) including bovine serum albumin (hydrophilic) was delivered into the large tube from the inside through the small tube and an acetonitrile-ethyl acetate mixture (7:4 volume ratio) containing fluorescamine (hydrophobic) as a derivatizing reagent was delivered from the outside through the joint. Solutions were mixed through the double capillary tubes to promote ternary mixed carrier solvents (water-acetonitrile-ethyl acetate; 1:2:1 volume ratio). The liquid-liquid interface was created based on the tube radial distribution of ternary solvents in the larger tube. The derivatization reaction was performed in the larger, or reaction, tube in the micro-flow system. The fluorescence intensity of the fluorescamine-derivatized bovine serum albumin obtained by the system, which specifically included the kinetic liquid-liquid interface in the tube, was greater than that obtained through a batch reaction using a homogeneous solution of water-acetonitrile (1:2 volume ratio).

Fundamental Research and Application of the Specific Fluidic Behavior of Mixed Solvents in a Microspace

“…30,31 The findings demonstrate that the TRDR system was more effective than the traditional technique: the fluorescence intensity of the FR-derivatized BSA, obtained using the TRDR system, was stronger than that obtained with a batch-based method, which included a homogeneous carrier solution of water-acetonitrile.…”

“…Such a system is referred to as tube radial distribution chromatography (TRDC). [25][26][27] We have also applied TRDP for extraction, 28,29 chemical reaction, 30,31 and mixing processes. 32 The respective TRDP-based processes are coined as tube radial distribution extraction (TRDE), tube radial distribution reaction (TRDR), and tube radial distribution mixing (TRDM).…”

Investigations into Tie Lines and Solubility Curves on Phase Diagrams in Open-Tubular Capillary Chromatography Using Ternary Mixed-Carrier Solvents

“…We are currently investigating the TRDP from the viewpoint of chromatography, 12,13 extraction, 14 mixing, 15 and chemical reaction space. 16 A capillary chromatography system in which the outer phase acts as a pseudo-stationary phase under laminar flow conditions has been developed based on the TRDP. We call it "tube radial distribution chromatography" (TRDC).…”

Two-Phase Extraction of Metal Ions Using a Water-Acetonitrile-Ethyl Acetate Ternary Mixed-Solvent Separation System

“…This phenomenon causes a specific fluidic behavior in a microspace, such as a microchannel on a microchip or a capillary tube, leading to new types of open-tubular capillary chromatography 21 and microreactors. 22 In this study, for the first time we have used a two-phase separation system comprising a ternary mixed-solvent solution in a batch vessel to extract metal ions.…”