The micronucleus test: examples of application to marine ecology

Brunetti, Riccardo; Majone, Franca; Gola, I.; Beltrame, C.

doi:10.3354/meps044065

Cited by 77 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This idea is based on the assumption that nuclear abnormalities induce functional disorders with a consequent expression on the cell membrane, allowing their identification by the spleen and consequent catabolism. Previously, other authors (Das and Nanda, 1986;Brunetti et al, 1988) suggested a dose-related cytotoxicity, which killed the erythrocytes instead of forming a nonlethal nuclear lesion, explain the impairment in expression of nuclear abnormalities. Therefore, to explain the simultaneous occurrence of splenic hemosiderosis and disturbances in ENA expression, the conjugation of both mechanisms should also be accepted, namely, in the presence of xenobiotics with hemolytic and genotoxic properties.…”

Section: Interaction Of Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 96%

Biotransformation, genotoxic, and histopathological effects of environmental contaminants in European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.)

Pacheco

Santos

2002

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

268

125

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A prolonged toxicity study was carried out in young European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) to evaluate the effects of environmental contaminants, namely, two individual standard compounds, benzo [a]pyrene (BaP) and dehydroabietic acid (DHAA), and a complex mixture, bleached kraft pulp mill effluent (BKPME). Fish were exposed to BaP (0.22, 0.45, and 0.9 mM) and BKPME (3.12%, 6.25%, and 12.5% (v/v)) for 3, 7, and 30 days and to DHAA (0.07, 0.15, and 0.30 mM) for 3, 7, 30, 90, and 180 days. The biomarkers include biotransformation and genotoxicity indicators, such as total ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity and frequency of erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities (ENAs), respectively. Hematological dynamics was assessed as frequency of immature erythrocytes (IEs). Histopathological examinations were carried out for the highest concentrations and for 30 days and longer exposures. Total EROD increases significantly only after 180 days of DHAA exposure. However, significant ENA induction was generally observed during exposure to all contaminants tested. Nevertheless, some of the ENA results suggest an altered genotoxic response, which may arise either from short-term exposures to the highest contaminant levels or long-term exposures to the lowest contaminant levels. IE frequency decreased significantly after 30 days of exposure to 0.45 mM BaP and 180 days of exposure to the entire DHAA concentration range. Increased density of pigmented macrophage aggregates in 30-day BaP-and BKPME-exposed fish as well as in 90-and 180-day DHAA-exposed fish confirmed histopathological liver alterations. Bile accumulation in hepatocytes after BaP treatment, cytoplasmic vacuolization and cell atrophy following DHAA exposure, as well as liver loss of parenchymal cells in BKPME-exposed fish, were also detected. Dispersed necrosis and focal inflammation were observed in the livers of all treated groups. Fish exposed to DHAA and BKPME showed skin and gill disruption as well as kidney Malpighian corpuscle alterations. All 30-day-treated groups revealed intense spleen hemosiderosis, indicating increased erythrophagia. This splenic effect may be strongly correlated with the observed disappearance of ENAs. Neoplastic lesions were not found. A multibiomarker strategy, which includes EROD, ENA, and IE assays as well as histopathological studies, contributed to a better understanding of the global toxic process. r

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Section: Interaction Of Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 96%

Biotransformation, genotoxic, and histopathological effects of environmental contaminants in European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.)

Pacheco

Santos

2002

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

268

125

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“…were very low, while in autumn of the next year they were 3-10 times higher. Though baseline frequency of MN depends on variety of biotic and abiotic factors (Brunetti et al, 1988), it can be assumed that higher water temperature in the offshore areas of the Baltic and the North Sea affects mitotic activity and MN formation in fish. Micronuclei are formed during cell division, and the mitotic activity of poikilotherm organisms very largely depends on water temperature (Brunetti et al, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in the offshore zones of the Baltic and the North Seas

Rybakovas

Baršienė

Lang

2009

Marine Environmental Research

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Please cite this article as: Rybakovas, A., Baršienė, J., Lang, T., Environmental genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in the offshore zones of the Baltic and North Seas, Marine Environmental Research (2009Research ( ), doi: 10.1016Research ( /j.marenvres. 2009 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT AbstractMicronuclei (MN), nuclear buds (NB) and fragmented-apoptotic cells (FA) were analyzed in mature peripheral blood and immature cephalic kidney erythrocytes of flounder (Platichthys flesus), dab (Limanda limanda) and cod (Gadus morhua) from 12 offshore sites in the Baltic Sea (479 specimens) and 11 sites in the North Sea (291 specimens), which were collected during three research vessel cruises in December 2002 and in September 2004. The highest levels of environmental genotoxicity (frequencies of MN up to 0.5 ‰, NB -up to 0.75 ‰) and cytotoxicity (FA -up to 0.53 ‰) were observed in flatfishes from areas close to oil and gas platforms in the North Sea and in zones related to the extensive shipping and potentially influenced by contamination from large European Rivers (Elbe, Vistula, Oder). In dab from the offshore zones of the North Sea, the levels of nuclear abnormalities were higher as compared to those in dab from the Baltic Sea. Responses in immature kidney erythrocytes were higher than in mature erythrocytes from peripheral blood. MN frequency lower than 0.05 ‰ (the Baltic Sea) and lower than 0.1 ‰ (the North Sea) could be suspected as a reference level in the peripheral blood erythrocytes of flatfish.Keywords: Genotoxicity; Cytotoxicity; Micronuclei; Nuclear abnormalities; Erythrocytes; Baltic Sea; North Sea. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 2 IntroductionSurrounded by European countries, the Baltic and the North Seas are constantly exposed to anthropogenic pressure. With pollution from land-based discharges, coastal industries, municipal outflows, agricultural activities, oil and gas industry (drilling and transportation) and transport activities, thousands of chemicals are entering the marine environment. A large proportion of these compounds are potentially toxic, genotoxic and carcinogenic to aquatic organisms (Jha, 2004(Jha, , 2008. The interaction of genotoxic contaminants with DNA causes various genetic disturbances, which often are irreversible and can be transmitted to the next generations (Depledge and Fossi, 1994;Dixon et al., 1999;Jha, 2004). The analysis of environmental genotoxicity provides early warning signs of adverse long-term effects of contamination. A number of biomarkers have been applied for assessment of environmental genotoxicity and the micronuclei (MN) test,...

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“…Although originally developed for use with mice (Schmid, 1976), the EMN technique was subsequently modi"ed for laboratory application in "sh (Hooftman and de Raat, 1982). This modi"-cation, known as the &&piscine micronucleus test'' has been proposed as a biological indicator of chemical contamination in "sh (Das and Nanda, 1986;Metcalfe, 1988;Carrasco et al, 1990;Pacheco and Santos, 1997a,b), amphibians Jaylet et al, 1986;Zoll-Moreux and Ferrier, 1999), and invertebrates (Brunetti et al, 1988;Scarpato et al, 1990;Venier et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Juvenile Sea Bass Liver P450, EROD Induction, and Erythrocytic Genotoxic Responses to PAH and PAH-like Compounds

Gravato

Santos

2002

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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The micronucleus test: examples of application to marine ecology

Cited by 77 publications

References 3 publications

Biotransformation, genotoxic, and histopathological effects of environmental contaminants in European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.)

Biotransformation, genotoxic, and histopathological effects of environmental contaminants in European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.)

Environmental genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in the offshore zones of the Baltic and the North Seas

Juvenile Sea Bass Liver P450, EROD Induction, and Erythrocytic Genotoxic Responses to PAH and PAH-like Compounds

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