The minimum effective dose of lignocaine to prevent injection pain due to propofol in children

Cameron, Ewan; Johnston, G.; Crofts, S.L.; Morton, Neil S.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.1992.tb02335.x

Cited by 99 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The amount of lidocaine mixed with propofol varies but in adults, 0.1 mg·kg -1 seems to be effective, [5][6][7][8] whereas children seem to need about 0.2 mg·kg -1 . 2,9 However, none of these strategies is always successful. N 2 O is a centrally-acting sedative and analgesic agent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

In children, nitrous oxide decreases pain on injection of propofol mixed with lidocaine

Beh

Splinter

Kim

2002

Can J Anesth/J Can Anesth

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

P Pu ur rp po os se e: : To investigate if 50% nitrous oxide reduces the pain during injection of propofol mixed with lidocaine in children.M Me et th ho od ds s: : Healthy children undergoing iv induction of general anesthesia for elective surgery were recruited into this prospective, randomized, double-blind study. None of the patients received any premedication except for eutectic mixture of local anesthetics cream. Before induction of anesthesia with propofol 1% mixed with lidocaine 0.05% (propofol dose 3 mg·kg -1 ), the treatment group received 50% N 2 O in O 2 and the control group received 100% oxygen. Pain due to propofol administration was rated with a four-point behavioural scale: none, mild, moderate or severe.R Re es su ul lt ts s: : There were 28 subjects in the control group and 26 subjects in the treatment group. Demographic data were similar in both groups. The incidence of pain at induction was 4% after N 2 O and 36% in the control group, P < 0.01. No patients had severe pain. Most patients had mild pain. Three of the ten patients with pain in the control group had moderate pain. The number needed to treat was 3:1.C Co on nc cl lu us si io on n: : Nitrous oxide reduces pain during induction with propofol mixed with lidocaine in healthy children. ROPOFOL has many beneficial pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties. However, one of its major adverse effects is injection pain. Incidence of propofol injection pain in children varies between 28% and 85%. 1 Lidocaine is commonly mixed with propofol to reduce pain of propofol administration. This, however, does not completely remove the pain in all cases. We hypothesized that 50% N 2 O in O 2 would further reduce the pain of propofol administration in children. Objectif

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We chose to use the scale devised by Cameron et al 2,14 because it had been used for similar studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In children, nitrous oxide decreases pain on injection of propofol mixed with lidocaine

Beh

Splinter

Kim

2002

Can J Anesth/J Can Anesth

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Le plus important semble d'ajouter la lidocaïne juste avant l'injection et d'en utiliser une quantité appropriée. 4 Morton 5 a constaté l'abolition complète de la douleur avec un mélange frais de propofol (3 mg·kg -1 ) et de lidocaïne (1 mg·kg -1 ). Ce rapport sommaire résume l'expérience menée auprès de 50 enfants qui n'ont pas reçu de prémédication et qui ont reçu une injection dans une veine du dos de la main.…”

Section: Editorial Les Enfants Ne Sont-ilsunclassified

“…Important points seem to be to add the lidocaine just prior to injection and to use an adequate amount of lidocaine. 4 Morton 5 has reported complete abolition of pain with a freshly prepared mixture of propofol (3 mg·kg -1 ) and lidocaine (1 mg·kg -1 ). This brief report was conducted in 50 unpremedicated children and the injections were made via a vein on the dorsum of the hand.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Are children just little adults when it comes to propofol injection pain?

Cox

2002

Can J Anesth/J Can Anesth

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and S p O 2 were recorded at anaesthetic induction, before and after laryngeal mask insertion. The incidence and severity of injection pain of propofol were assessed using the fourpoint scale by Cameron et al [9]: 0 = no pain; 1 = mild pain (grimace); 2 = moderate pain (grimace + cry); and 3 = severe pain (cry + withdrawal).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The optimum bolus dose of remifentanil to facilitate laryngeal mask airway insertion with a single standard dose of propofol at induction in children

Kwak

Kim

et al. 2008

Anaesthesia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to determine the optimal bolus dose of remifentanil required for the successful insertion of the laryngeal mask airway during propofol induction in children without a neuromuscular blocking agent. Twenty-six paediatric patients, aged 3-10 years, requiring anaesthesia for short ambulatory surgery were recruited. A predetermined bolus dose of remifentanil was injected over 30 s, followed by propofol 2.5 mg.kg )1 over 10 s. The bolus dose of remifentanil was determined by a modified Dixon's up-and-down method, starting from 0.5 lg.kg )1(0.1 lg.kg )1 as a step size). Laryngeal mask insertion was attempted 90 s after the end of remifentanil injection and the response of patients was classified as either 'movement' or 'no movement'. The bolus dose of remifentanil at which there was a 50% probability of successful laryngeal mask insertion (ED 50 ) during induction with 2.5 mg. ), respectively.

show abstract

The minimum effective dose of lignocaine to prevent injection pain due to propofol in children

Cited by 99 publications

References 11 publications

In children, nitrous oxide decreases pain on injection of propofol mixed with lidocaine

In children, nitrous oxide decreases pain on injection of propofol mixed with lidocaine

Are children just little adults when it comes to propofol injection pain?

The optimum bolus dose of remifentanil to facilitate laryngeal mask airway insertion with a single standard dose of propofol at induction in children

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About