The mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) gene family functions as a cohort during the Glycine max defense response to Heterodera glycines

An expanded role of the SNARE-containing regulon as it relates to the defense process that Glycine max has to Heterodera glycines

“…The results presented here unify earlier genomics analyses that have examined gene expression occurring within these sites of infection undergoing various types of defense processes and the identification that GmSec17/α-SNAP functions in defense (Klink et al 2007;Klink, Hosseini et al 2009Klink, Overall, et al 2010;Matsye et al 2011Matsye et al , 2012Pant et al 2014;Sharma et al 2016). These observations relate well to the identification of nematode effectors that bind to GmSec17/α-SNAP, presumably to impair the secretion process, unifying many observations made regarding defense in this pathosystem (Bekal et al 2015;McNeece et al 2017McNeece et al , 2019. Lastly, these results are the first to demonstrate how the defense vesicles through myosin could be delivered to the subcellular site of defense in this pathosystem.…”

“…The resultant plant is a genetic mosaic called a composite plant with a non-transgenic shoot having a transgenic root system (Tepfer 1984;Haas et al 1995;Collier et al 2005;Klink, Kim et al 2009;Matsye et al 2012). The transgenic mosaic plants have been grown as described previously (McNeece et al 2019). Figure 5.…”

“…The qPCR control that has been used in the G. max experiments has been designed from an expressed sequence tag of ribosomal S21 protein coding gene which functions like other proven control genes (Klink et al 2005;Sharma et al 2016). The fold change in gene expression caused by the genetic engineering event has been calculated using 2 −DDC T according to our prior published methods (Livak and Schmittgen 2001;McNeece et al 2019). Statistical analyses have been performed according to Yuan et al (2006).…”

“…Each of those individual qPCR experiments from each experimental replicate has been run with triplicate replicates. The average of the experimental triplicates from the biological triplicates have been used to generate the gene expression data according to prior procedures (McNeece et al 2019).…”

“…The FI = (Nx/Ns) X 100, where Nx is the average number of females on the test cultivar and Ns is the average number of females on the standard susceptible cultivar (Golden et al 1970). Using the formula of Golden et al (1970), Nx is the pRAP17-gene-transformed line and Ns is the pRAP17-ccdB control line which has been calculated according to our prior published methods (Matsye et al 2012;McNeece et al 2019). The FI has been calculated as cysts per mass of the whole root (wr) and also cysts per gram (pg) of root according to our published methods (McNeece et al 2019).…”