The Molar Tooth Sign

McGraw, Peter

doi:10.1148/radiol.2293020764

Cited by 33 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The specificity and sensitivity of this sign vary according to the familial risk, the studied population and the operator's ability, being positive in up to 69% of cases of Chiari II (5) . normal superior cerebellar peduncles decussation is absent and these become thickened and with a more horizontal course as they extend perpendicularly from the brainstem (9) . Joubert syndrome is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by abnormal eye movements, nystagmus, difficulty in following a moving object with eyes, episodes of taquipneia and apnea, besides motor developmental delay (10) .…”

Section: "Banana Sign" In Arnold-chiari II Malformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sinais em neurorradiologia: parte 2

et al. 2011

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The use of signs for interpretation of images in neuroradiology is extremely useful. Some signs are quite specific and, in some cases, pathognomonic. In this second part of their essay, the authors describe 15 additional neuroradiological signs. Main characteristics of imaging findings will be approached and the significance of their role in the clinical practice will be discussed. Keywords: Radiological signs; Neuroradiology; Computed tomography; Magnetic resonance imaging.O uso de sinais na interpretação de imagens na neurorradiologia é extremamente útil. Muitos sinais são bastante específicos e em alguns casos, patognomônicos. Nesta segunda parte os autores descreverão 15 sinais neurorradiológicos adicionais. Serão novamente abordadas as principais características de imagem de cada um e sua importân-cia na prática clínica. Unitermos: Sinais radiológicos; Neurorradiologia; Tomografia computadorizada; Imagem por ressonância magnética. Abstract "High heel foot print sign" in the skull baseThe high heel foot print sign (Figure 1) is useful in the understanding of the intricate anatomy of the skull base and represent two relevant foramina. The anterior aspect of the high heel footprint represents the foramen ovale (FO), and the posterior aspect (the heel itself) the foramen spinosum (FS). The mandibular nerve, one of the three branches of the trigeminal nerve, is the main FO component (1) . Also, the otic Figure 1. Axial CT image demonstrating normal appearance of the skull base. The high heel foot print sign is evidenced. The small arrow indicates the foramen spinosum, and the large arrow, the foramen ovale. Anteriorly to the high heel footprint is the Vesalius foramen (venous foramen) (arrowhead). ganglion, the accessory meningeal artery, the lesser petrosal nerve and the emissary veins are found in this foramen. The middle meningeal artery is in the FS (2) , and the absence of such artery is related to the persistent stapedial artery (3) . "Lemon sign" in spina bifidaThe lemon sign (Figure 2) is an useful sign in the detection of spina bifida and is commonly associated with hydrocephalus and Arnold-Chiari II malformation (4) . Such sign can be found in up to 98% of cases of spina bifida (5) . The lemon sign is not exclusive to spina bifida and can be observed in cases of encephalocele, thanatophoric dys-

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Section: "Banana Sign" In Arnold-chiari II Malformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sinais em neurorradiologia: parte 2

et al. 2011

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“…The MTS originates from the association of cerebellar hypo/aplasia, horizontally-oriented and thickened superior cerebellar peduncles, and a deepened interpeduncular fossa. JS may be associated with several abnormalities in other organs, identifying a large spectrum of Joubert syndrome-related disorders (JSRD) [1][2][3] . The clinical diagnosis of JS is based on MRI findings and characteristic clinical features.…”

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The molar tooth sign and the bat wing appearance in Joubert syndrome

et al. 2018

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“…[1] This appearance is a result of absence or hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis, lack of normal dorsal decussation and consequent enlargement of the superior cerebellar peduncles which follow a more horizontal course as they extend perpendicularly to the brainstem between the midbrain and the cerebellum. [1,2] The absence of decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncular fibre tracts causes decreased anteroposterior diameter of the midbrain and a deep interpeduncular fossa. [1] The 'roots' of the molar tooth are represented by thick, perpendicular, non-decussated superior cerebellar peduncles, while the 'body' of the molar tooth is formed by the cerebral peduncles of the brainstem with a deep interpeduncular fossa (Fig.…”

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“…[1,2] The absence of decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncular fibre tracts causes decreased anteroposterior diameter of the midbrain and a deep interpeduncular fossa. [1] The 'roots' of the molar tooth are represented by thick, perpendicular, non-decussated superior cerebellar peduncles, while the 'body' of the molar tooth is formed by the cerebral peduncles of the brainstem with a deep interpeduncular fossa (Fig. 1a).…”

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Molar tooth sign − looking beyond the obvious

Mahomed

Prabhu

2013

S. Afr. j. radiol.

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The molar tooth sign was initially identified in Joubert syndrome, named after Marie Joubert who first described it in 1968 as a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterised by the neuroradiological hallmark of the molar tooth sign caused by cerebellar vermian hypoplasia. Subsequently, it emerged that the molar tooth sign encompasses many syndromes that are now grouped together and termed Joubert syndrome and related disorders (JSRDs). Knowledge of the newer classification system and the subtypes is important and helps to direct and interpret imaging studies based on clinical signs so as to avoid delay in diagnosis of the hepatic, oculorenal and renal subtypes of JSRDs in patients in whom the molar tooth sign is identified on brain MRI.

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The Molar Tooth Sign

Cited by 33 publications

References 10 publications

Sinais em neurorradiologia: parte 2

Sinais em neurorradiologia: parte 2

The molar tooth sign and the bat wing appearance in Joubert syndrome

Molar tooth sign − looking beyond the obvious

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