The molecular and cellular consequences of the chernobyl accident

Pelevina, I I; Afanas'ev, G.G.; Aleshchenko, Alina; Antoshchina, M.M.; Gotlib, V.Ya.; Konradov, A. A.; Kudryashova, O. V.; Lizunova, E. Yu.; Osipov, Andreyan N.; Ryabchenko, N.I.; Serebryanyi, A. M.

doi:10.1134/s0006350911030237

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The largest body of evidence on the effects of ionising radiation in children is available from studies conducted during and after the Chernobyl, Techa river and Guaiana nuclear accidents (30,31). Children chronically exposed to elevated levels of radiation after the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident in 1986 and children of clean-up workers ('liquidators') showed significantly increased MN levels in comparison to reference values (32)(33)(34). It was shown that children from Gomel (Belarus), one of the areas most severely affected by radioactive contamination following the accident, had higher MN frequencies than children from Pisa, Italy.…”

Section: Mn and Environmental Exposuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micronuclei in neonates and children: effects of environmental, genetic, demographic and disease variables

Holland¹,

Fucic

Merlo

et al. 2010

Mutagenesis

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Children may be more susceptible to the effects of the environmental exposure and medical treatments than adults; however, limited information is available about the differences in genotoxic effects in children by age, sex and health status. Micronucleus (MN) assay is a well established method of monitoring genotoxicity, and this approach is thoroughly validated for adult lymphocytes by the Human Micronucleus Biomonitoring project (HUMN.org). Similar international undertaking is in progress for exfoliated buccal cells. Most of the MN studies in children are focused on analyses of lymphocytes but in the recent years, more investigators are interested in using exfoliated cells from the oral cavity and other cell types that can be collected non-invasively, which is particularly important in paediatric cohorts. The baseline MN frequency is relatively low in newborns and its assessment requires large cohorts and cell sample counts. Available results are mostly consistent in conclusion that environmental pollutants and radiation exposures lead to the increase in the MN frequency in children. Effects of medical treatments are less clear, and more studies are needed to optimise the doses and minimise genotoxicity without compromising therapy outcomes. Despite the recent progress in MN assay in children, more studies are warranted to establish the relationship between MN in lymphocytes and exfoliated cells, to clarify sex, age and genotype differences in baseline MN levels and the changes in response to genotoxicants. One of the most important types of MN studies in children are prospective cohorts that will help to clarify the predictive value of MN and other cytome end points for cancer and other chronic diseases of childhood and adulthood. Emerging 'omic' and other novel molecular technologies may shed light on the molecular mechanisms and biological pathways associated with the MN levels in children.

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Section: Mn and Environmental Exposuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micronuclei in neonates and children: effects of environmental, genetic, demographic and disease variables

Holland¹,

Fucic

Merlo

et al. 2010

Mutagenesis

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“…The cytotoxic effect of ionizing radiation (IR) is realized through damage of genetic and membrane apparatus of the cell, alteration of gene expression and metabolic activity of their products, signifi cantly disturbance cell homeostasis [3][4][5][6][7][8]. The da mage rate depends on the dose.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes of Cyclin D1-Dependent Regulation of Cell Cycle in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes of Chornobyl Clean-Up Workers at a Remote Period After Radiation Exposure

Golyarnik

Ilyenko

Zvarych

et al. 2020

Probl Radiac Med Radiobiol

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Objective. To study proliferative potential of peripheral blood lymphocytes of Chornobyl clean-up workers by level of expression of cyclin D1 and quantitative parameters of cell cycle at a remote period after radiation exposure. Materials and methods. The research subject was the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PB) of Chornobyl clean-up workers 30–33 years after radiation exposure. A total of 207 men were surveyed, 164 of them were clean-up workers exposed in the dose range 10.43–3623.31 mSv and 43 persons of the control group. Analysis of proliferation potential (cell cycle initiation) and cyclin D1 expression in PB lymphocytes were performed in vitro by a micro method of whole blood leukocytes culture with phytohemagglutinine-P (PHA). Sample preparation was performed by a standard immunofluorescent assay for intracellular proteins using the FITC labelled Mouse Anti-Human Cyclin D1 Antibody Set. Cell distribution by cell cycle phases studied by propidium iodide DNA staining and analysis on FACSCalibur laser flow cytometer in histogram mode with separation of G0/G1-, S- and G2/M-regions and Sub-G0/G1- region (apoptotic cells). Results and conclusions. An increase in the level of spontaneous сyclin D1 expression and disturbance of сyclin D1-dependent regulation of cell cycle of PB lymphocytes after mitogen activation were determined in a remote period after radiation exposure. An increase in the level of cyclin D1 expression was accompanied by increase in pool of cells in the S- and G2/M-phases of cell cycle which characterizes the high proliferative potential of PB lymphocytes. Mitogen-induced delay of cell cycle of lymphocytes in G1/S check point and reduction of S-phase was revealed. These changes are a manifestation of genomic instability caused by the effect of radiation and depend on the radiation dose. The results confirm the hypothesis about the significance of levels of cyclin D1 expression, as a criterion for manifestations of genome instability and risks of oncogenesis in a remote period after irradiation. Key words: cell cycle, cell proliferation, cyclin D1, genome instability, radiation exposure, Chornobyl clean-up workers.

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“…The pathophysiological effect of radiation loads exceeding the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) has been well studied and described both theoretically and clinically in many works [3][4][5][6][7]. Of particular interest is the response of the human body to the loads generated by radiation much higher than the average background values exceeding them by 3-4 times, but within the MPC standards.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To identify the genotoxic effects of radiation exposure, the micronucleus test is most widely used whenever cultured cells of peripheral blood lymphocytes are under cytokinetic block conditions. It allows the analysis of the entire spectrum of changes characterizing genome instability [5,21,22]. However, in certain cases, it is preferable to study genotoxic effects on the buccal epithelium, since it is the first barrier [23], that occurs on the path of carcinogens during breathing, drinking and eating food.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Damage in Workers from the Rare Metal Ore Production Region

2019

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The aim of this study was to assess the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects that occur in miners working underground in rare metal ore mines at ionizing radiation levels within the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) standards using the buccal micronucleus cytome (BMCyt) assay. At the same time, we attempted to identify possible relationships between cytogenetic abnormalities in the buccal epithelium and such physiological indicators as cardiodynamics and the body mass index. The study involved a total of 269 individuals, 236 miners working underground in production related to the mining and enrichment of loparite ores and 33 non-exposed individuals (Russia, Murmansk region). Buccal micronucleus cytome assay and heart rate variability parameters were used. Micronucleus frequency was revealed to be a higher in the exposed group (8.3 ± 1.08‰) than in the non-exposed group (3.3 ± 0.49‰). The repair index showed a statistically significant increase in the non-exposed group (14.9 ± 2.90) compared with the exposed group (6.1 ± 0.74). The frequency of nuclear protrusions correlates significantly with the body mass index in the young miners (≤30 years (r = 0.45)). There is a negative relationship between the micronucleus frequency and the level of organism adaptation (r = −0.24), the vegetative regulation rate (r = −0.20) and the psycho-emotional state (r = −0.30) for miners older than 30 years. The results testify to the possible induction of clastogenic effects and a decrease in the level of reparation in the buccal epithelium cells due to the exposure of a various of production factors in the extraction of loparite ore.

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The molecular and cellular consequences of the chernobyl accident

Cited by 9 publications

References 11 publications

Micronuclei in neonates and children: effects of environmental, genetic, demographic and disease variables

Micronuclei in neonates and children: effects of environmental, genetic, demographic and disease variables

Changes of Cyclin D1-Dependent Regulation of Cell Cycle in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes of Chornobyl Clean-Up Workers at a Remote Period After Radiation Exposure

Genetic Damage in Workers from the Rare Metal Ore Production Region

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