The molecular basis of cereal grain proteostasis

Cao, Hui; Duncan, Owen; Millar, A. Harvey

doi:10.1042/ebc20210041

Cited by 3 publications

References 88 publications

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Plant proteostasis: a proven and promising target for crop improvement

Theodoulou

Orosa

Trujillo

et al. 2022

Essays in Biochemistry

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The Green Revolution of the 1960s accomplished dramatic increases in crop yields through genetic improvement, chemical fertilisers, irrigation, and mechanisation. However, the current trajectory of population growth, against a backdrop of climate change and geopolitical unrest, predicts that agricultural production will be insufficient to ensure global food security in the next three decades. Improvements to crops that go beyond incremental gains are urgently needed. Plant biology has also undergone a revolution in recent years, through the development and application of powerful technologies including genome sequencing, a pantheon of ‘omics techniques, precise genome editing, and step changes in structural biology and microscopy. Proteostasis – the collective processes that control the protein complement of the cell, comprising synthesis, modification, localisation, and degradation – is a field that has benefitted from these advances. This special issue presents a selection of the latest research in this vibrant field, with a particular focus on protein degradation. In the current article, we highlight the diverse and widespread contributions of plant proteostasis to agronomic traits, suggest opportunities and strategies to manipulate different elements of proteostatic mechanisms for crop improvement, and discuss the challenges involved in bringing these ideas into practice.

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Plant proteostasis: a proven and promising target for crop improvement

Theodoulou

Orosa

Trujillo

et al. 2022

Essays in Biochemistry

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Prediction of new candidate proteins and analysis of sub-modules and protein hubs associated with seed development in rice (Oryza sativa) using an ensemble network-based systems biology approach

De Silva,

Weeraman,

Fernando

2024

Preprint

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Background Rice is a critical global food source, but it faces challenges due to nutritional deficiencies and the pressures of a growing population. Understanding the molecular mechanisms and protein functions in rice seed development is essential to improve yield and grain quality. However, there is still a significant knowledge gap regarding the key proteins and their interactions that govern rice seed development. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis is a powerful tool for studying developmental processes like seed development, though its potential in rice research is yet to be fully realized. With the aim of unravelling the protein interaction landscape associated with rice seed development, this systems biology study conducted a PPI network-based analysis. Using a list of known seed development proteins from the Gene Ontology (GO) knowledgebase and literature, novel candidate proteins for seed development were predicted using an ensemble of network-based algorithms, including majority voting (MV), Hishigaki, Functional flow, and Random Walk with Restart (RWR). The predictions were validated using enrichment analysis, and the rice seed development subnetwork was further analyzed for community and hub detection. Results The study predicted 196 new proteins linked to rice seed development and identified 14 sub-modules within the network, each representing different developmental pathways such as endosperm development and seed growth regulation. Of these, 17 proteins were identified as intra-modular hubs and 6 as inter-modular hubs. Notably, the protein SDH1 emerged as a dual hub, acting as both an intra-modular and inter-modular hub, highlighting its crucial role in coordinating interactions during rice seed development. Conclusions These findings, including the identified hub proteins and sub-modules, provide a better understanding of the PPI interaction landscape governing seed development in rice. This information is useful for improving rice cultivars for better yield and quality through genetic engineering and breeding. This study implements an ensemble of algorithms for the analysis and showcases how systems biology techniques can be applied in developmental biology.

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Antioxidant System of Scutellum During Germination and Early Growth of Maize Seedlings

Corona-Carrillo,

González,

Chávez Nájera

et al. 2024

Agriculture

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Maize is among the world’s three most important cereals because it is used for human consumption and agricultural feed. The embryo in monocotyledons contains a cotyledon that is the scutellum, which in Chalqueño maize constitutes approximately 80% of the embryo’s mass. The activation of metabolism during germination is accompanied by the production of reactive oxygen species, which must be maintained at a low level to avoid damage. Little is known about the oxidative state of the scutellum, but it is important to understand the control of oxidative stress during the final phase of germination and the embryo–seedling transition. Among the enzymes involved are class III peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), which were observed in the scutella of isolated imbibed embryos between 0 and 36 h. The activity of SOD fluctuated over a baseline value. The activity of class III POX was greater than that of CAT, showing differences between them in germination and postgermination. The activities of CAT and POX increased during germination (0 to 18 h), stabilized towards the final phase of germination (18 to 24 h), and then increased again in postgermination (24 to 36 h). The POX activity is a biochemical marker of the scutellum metabolism and marks the transition from germination to the embryo–seedling transition.

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The molecular basis of cereal grain proteostasis

Cited by 3 publications

References 88 publications

Plant proteostasis: a proven and promising target for crop improvement

Plant proteostasis: a proven and promising target for crop improvement

Prediction of new candidate proteins and analysis of sub-modules and protein hubs associated with seed development in rice (Oryza sativa) using an ensemble network-based systems biology approach

Antioxidant System of Scutellum During Germination and Early Growth of Maize Seedlings

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