The most common technologies and tools for functional genome analysis

Abstract

Since the sequence of the human genome is complete, the main issue is how to understand the information written in the DNA se quence. Despite numerous genomewide studies that have already been performed, the challenge to determine the function of genes, gene products, and also their interaction is still open. As changes in the human genome are highly likely to cause pathological con ditions, functional analysis is vitally important for human health.For many years there have been a variety of technologies and tools used in functional genome analysis. However, only in the past decade there has been rapid revolutionizing progress and improvement in highthroughput methods, which are rang ing from traditional realtime polymerase chain reaction to more complex systems, such as nextgeneration sequencing or mass spectrometry. Furthermore, not only laboratory investigation, but also accurate bioinformatic analysis is required for reliable scientific results. These methods give an opportunity for accu rate and comprehensive functional analysis that involves various fields of studies: genomics, epigenomics, proteomics, and inter actomics. This is essential for filling the gaps in the knowledge about dynamic biological processes at both cellular and organis mal level. However, each method has both advantages and limita tions that should be taken into account before choosing the right method for particular research in order to ensure successful study. For this reason, the present review paper aims to describe the most frequent and widelyused methods for the comprehen sive functional analysis.

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