The Multifaceted COVID-19: CT Aspects of Its Atypical Pulmonary and Abdominal Manifestations and Complications in Adults and Children. A Pictorial Review

Morelli, Chiara; Francavilla, Mariantonietta; Ianora, Amato Antonio Stabile; Cozzolino, Monica; Gualano, Alessandra; Stellacci, Giandomenico; Sacco, Antonello; Lorusso, Filomenamila; Pedote, Pasquale; Ceglie, Michele De; Scardapane, Arnaldo

doi:10.3390/microorganisms9102037

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…In children, SARS-CoV-2 may lead to atypical skin manifestations, such as Kawasaki-like disease [ 69 , 70 , 71 ]. From data reported in the scientific literature, in pediatric and adolescent ages, there seems to be a link between SARS-CoV-2 infection and a rare syndrome, MIS-C Kawasaki-like syndrome, that is similar to Kawasaki disease with other characteristics [ 72 ].…”

Section: Clinical Course Of Covid-19 In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Infection in Children and Infants: Current Status on Therapies and Vaccines

Malcangi

Inchingolo

et al. 2022

Children

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Since the beginning in December 2019, the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak appeared to affect mostly the adult population, sparing the vast majority of children who only showed mild symptoms. The purpose of this investigation is to assess the status on the mechanisms that give children and infants this variation in epidemiology compared to the adult population and its impact on therapies and vaccines that are aimed towards them. A literature review, including in vitro studies, reviews, published guidelines and clinical trials was performed. Clinical trials concerned topics that allowed a descriptive synthesis to be produced. Four underlying mechanisms were found that may play a key role in providing COVID-19 protection in babies. No guidelines are available yet for therapy due to insufficient data; support therapy remains the most used. Only two vaccines are approved by the World Health Organization to be used in children from 12 years of age, and there are currently no efficacy or safety data for children below the age of 12 years. The COVID-19 clinical frame infection is milder in children and adolescents. This section of the population can act as vectors and reservoirs and play a key role in the transmission of the infection; therefore, vaccines are paramount. More evidence is required to guide safely the vaccination campaign.

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Section: Clinical Course Of Covid-19 In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Infection in Children and Infants: Current Status on Therapies and Vaccines

Malcangi

Inchingolo

et al. 2022

Children

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“…Following the current literature [21], we considered COVID-19 CT manifestations as typical and atypical (such as pleural effusion); moreover, we chose to evaluate the pulmonary involvement (expressed by the semiquantitative CT score) and the extent of disease to both lungs. Similarly to current reports [21], the bilateral lung involvement was depicted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The findings were described according to the Fleischner Society glossary and in accordance with the article from Morelli, C., 'The Multifaceted COVID-19: CT Aspects of Its Atypical Pulmonary and Abdominal Manifestations and Complications in Adults and Children. A Pictorial Review' [21].…”

Section: Imaging Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 in Italy: Comparison of CT Findings from Time Zero to the Delta Variant

et al. 2022

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On 12 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the novel Coronavirus (CoV) disease a global Pandemic and an emerging risk. In order to understand patterns that are typical in COVID-19 pneumonia and track the evolution of the disease, the role of the chest computed tomography (CT) is pivotal. The impact of the illness as well as the efficiency of the therapy are also monitored carefully when performing this imaging exam. Coronaviruses, specifically CoV-2, as RNA viruses, have a tendency to frequently change their genome, giving the virus beneficial characteristics such as greater transmissibility, pathogenicity and the possibility to escape the previously acquired immunity. Therefore, genome evaluation became an extremely important routine practice worldwide. In particular, in Italy, four variants have been recognised and each of them represent a specific temporal wave of the disease. Hence, our goal was to describe imaging findings of COVID-19 pneumonia, specifically its most typical imaging identified during the period of our study, and to assess whether or not SARS-CoV-2 variants determine different CT patterns. Our analyses revealed that the SARS-CoV-2 genotype seems not to interfere with the severity of CT patterns and, in particular, bilateral Ground Glass Opacities (GGOs) are the most frequent findings in all COVID-19 waves.

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“…This allows reaching different clinical needs and realizing personalized medicine protocols [ 12 , 54 ] for chronic, age-related emergencies [ 153 , 154 ]. The COVID-19 infection is characterized by different syndromic pictures and of different grades of severity in which the following are distinguished ( Table 4 ): The less severe clinical form, which includes the paucisymptomatic condition characterized by anosmia and ageusia; the oligosymptomatic form, which includes minor respiratory problems, nasal congestion, conjunctivitis, pharyngodynia, cough, and gastrointestinal problems (abdominal aches, vomiting, and diarrhea), and neurological symptoms such as dizziness, syncope, and headache [ 155 ]; Clinical variants characterized by greater concerns and different stages. At the beginning, there are rapidly evolving pictures of the minor forms, described as follows: interstitial alveolar pneumonia with acute hypoxemic-hypercapnic pneumonia that may evolve to the most serious forms including sepsis, hypovolemic shock, and eventually multi-organ appearance syndrome (MODS).…”

Section: Covid-19 Syndrome: Diagnosis and Treatment Procedures At Hom...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The less severe clinical form, which includes the paucisymptomatic condition characterized by anosmia and ageusia; the oligosymptomatic form, which includes minor respiratory problems, nasal congestion, conjunctivitis, pharyngodynia, cough, and gastrointestinal problems (abdominal aches, vomiting, and diarrhea), and neurological symptoms such as dizziness, syncope, and headache [ 155 ];…”

Section: Covid-19 Syndrome: Diagnosis and Treatment Procedures At Hom...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines for Short- and Long-Term Immunity: A General Overview for the Pandemic Contrast

Inchingolo

Malcangi

Ceci

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Background: The recent COVID-19 pandemic produced a significant increase in cases and an emergency state was induced worldwide. The current knowledge about the COVID-19 disease concerning diagnoses, patient tracking, the treatment protocol, and vaccines provides a consistent contribution for the primary prevention of the viral infection and decreasing the severity of the SARS-CoV-2 disease. The aim of the present investigation was to produce a general overview about the current findings for the COVID-19 disease, SARS-CoV-2 interaction mechanisms with the host, therapies and vaccines’ immunization findings. Methods: A literature overview was produced in order to evaluate the state-of-art in SARS-CoV-2 diagnoses, prognoses, therapies, and prevention. Results: Concerning to the interaction mechanisms with the host, the virus binds to target with its Spike proteins on its surface and uses it as an anchor. The Spike protein targets the ACE2 cell receptor and enters into the cells by using a special enzyme (TMPRSS2). Once the virion is quietly accommodated, it releases its RNA. Proteins and RNA are used in the Golgi apparatus to produce more viruses that are released. Concerning the therapies, different protocols have been developed in observance of the disease severity and comorbidity with a consistent reduction in the mortality rate. Currently, different vaccines are currently in phase IV but a remarkable difference in efficiency has been detected concerning the more recent SARS-CoV-2 variants. Conclusions: Among the many questions in this pandemic state, the one that recurs most is knowing why some people become more seriously ill than others who instead contract the infection as if it was a trivial flu. More studies are necessary to investigate the efficiency of the treatment protocols and vaccines for the more recent detected SARS-CoV-2 variant.

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The Multifaceted COVID-19: CT Aspects of Its Atypical Pulmonary and Abdominal Manifestations and Complications in Adults and Children. A Pictorial Review

Cited by 5 publications

References 71 publications

COVID-19 Infection in Children and Infants: Current Status on Therapies and Vaccines

COVID-19 Infection in Children and Infants: Current Status on Therapies and Vaccines

COVID-19 in Italy: Comparison of CT Findings from Time Zero to the Delta Variant

Effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines for Short- and Long-Term Immunity: A General Overview for the Pandemic Contrast

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