The Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis 35 kDa protein plays a role in invasion of bovine epithelial cells

Bannantine, John P.; Huntley, Jason F.; Miltner, Elizabeth; Stabel, Judith R.; Bermudez, Luiz E.

doi:10.1099/mic.0.26323-0

Cited by 86 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Other studies have shown that unique sequences have considerable potential for use in the development of more specific and sensitive diagnostic assays for the detection of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection by both molecular assay-and immunoassaybased approaches (2)(3)(4)40). It is also possible that these different amino acid sequences have significant impacts on the protein functions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Comparison of PE and PPE Genes in the Mycobacterium avium Complex

et al. 2009

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The Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) comprises genomically similar but phenotypically divergent bacteria that inhabit diverse environments and that cause disease in different hosts. In this study, a wholegenome approach was used to examine the polymorphic PE (Pro-Glu) and PPE (Pro-Pro-Glu) gene families, implicated in immunostimulation and virulence. The four major groups of MAC organisms were examined, including the newly sequenced type strains of M. intracellulare and M. avium subsp. avium, plus M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis and M. avium subsp. hominissuis, for the purpose of finding genetic differences that could be exploited to design diagnostic tests specific to these groups and that could help explain their divergence in pathogenesis and host specificity. Unique and missing PPE genes were found in all MAC members except M. avium subsp. avium. Only M. intracellulare had a unique PE gene. Apart from this, most PE and PPE sequences were conserved, with average nucleotide sequence identities of 99.1 and 98.1%, respectively, among the M. avium subspecies, but only 82.9 and 79.7% identities with the PE and PPE sequences of M. intracellulare, respectively. A detailed analysis of the amino acid sequences was performed between M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis and M. avium subsp. hominissuis. Most differences were detected in the PPE proteins, with amino acid substitutions and frame shifts leading to unique amino acid sequences. In conclusion, several unique PPE proteins were identified in MAC organisms next to numerous polymorphisms in both the PE and PPE gene families. These substantial differences could help explain the divergence in phenotypes within the MAC and could lead to diagnostic tests with better discriminatory abilities.Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare are collectively known as the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). For genotypic, phenotypic, and historical reasons, multiple subspecies of M. avium are recognized; these include Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, M. avium subsp. hominissuis, Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium, and M. avium subsp. silvaticum (50). All four M. avium subspecies and M. intracellulare possess a high degree of genetic similarity but are capable of infecting a diverse range of host species.M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis is the causative organism of Johne's disease (paratuberculosis), a debilitating chronic enteritis in ruminants (49), and has been implicated in Crohn's disease in humans (18). M. avium subsp. avium and M. avium subsp. silvaticum are limited almost exclusively to avian species (53), in which they cause tuberculosis. M. avium subsp. hominissuis is a recent designation and was added to reflect the distinction of human and porcine isolates from bird-type strains when genotypic methods showed that M. avium isolates from humans in particular but also pigs rarely shared the genetic profiles of organisms found in birds (38,53). M. avium subsp. hominissuis and M. intracellulare are ubiquitous, saprophytic mycobacteria commonly found in so...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Comparison of PE and PPE Genes in the Mycobacterium avium Complex

et al. 2009

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“…In M. paratuberculosis, the accession number AF232752 is for a 35-kDa protein that is a surface protein and that appears to be expressed at higher levels under hyperosmolar conditions as compared to standard laboratory growth conditions (2). M. paratuberculosis cells have been shown to cross the intestinal mucosa by entering M cells in the terminal ileum (30), while M. avium interacts primarily with enterocytes and, to a lesser extent, with M cells (36).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Mycobacterium avium Genes That Affect Invasion of the Intestinal Epithelium

et al. 2005

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“…Procedures for making PPDj and MpS are described in detail elsewhere. 1,25 Due to a lack of MpS antigen, only 80 of 110 sheep from the MAP-infected flocks and 123 of the 358 sheep from the MAP-noninfected flocks were tested with MpS. To reduce bias, systematic randomization was used to select the sheep tested with MpS.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Gamma Interferon ELISA in Sheep Subclinically Infected withMycobacterium AviumSubspeciesParatuberculosisUsing a Whole-Cell Sonicate or a Johnin Purified-Protein Derivative

2006

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Abstract. The aim of the study reported here was to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of the gamma interferon (IFN-c) ELISA for paratuberculosis in sheep using receiver-operating characteristic analysis. Bacteriologic culture of tissues was used to define the reference positive population (n 5 33). Two reference negative populations were used: culture-negative sheep from infected flocks (n 5 77), and sheep from noninfected flocks (n 5 358). We also evaluated the accuracy of 2 Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) antigen preparations, a whole-cell sonicate (MpS) and a johnin purified-protein derivative (PPDj). The source of the reference negative sheep used in the analysis affected overall accuracy of the IFN-c ELISA. The area under the curve was 0.683 (95% confidence interval 0.574-0.787), using culturenegative sheep from infected flocks, was 0.831 (0.764-0.889), using sheep from noninfected flocks for the MpS, and was 0.809 (0.726-0.881) and 0.897 (0.862-0.925) for the PPDj, respectively. Using the MpS, the cut point that classified the most sheep correctly was an optical density reading of 0.20, for sensitivity of 40.7% (19.4-57.6) and specificity of 88.7% (77.0-95.7) or 97.6% (93.04-99.5), depending on the reference negative population used. Using the PPDj, the cut point that classified the most sheep correctly was 0.25 for sensitivity of 66.7% (47.2-82.7) and specificity of 93.5% (85.5-97.9) or 98.3% (96.4-99.4), respectively. The PPDj was more accurate at identifying MAP-infected sheep than was the MpS (P 5 0.034).

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The Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis 35 kDa protein plays a role in invasion of bovine epithelial cells

Cited by 86 publications

References 35 publications

Genomic Comparison of PE and PPE Genes in the Mycobacterium avium Complex

Genomic Comparison of PE and PPE Genes in the Mycobacterium avium Complex

Identification of Mycobacterium avium Genes That Affect Invasion of the Intestinal Epithelium

Evaluation of the Gamma Interferon ELISA in Sheep Subclinically Infected withMycobacterium AviumSubspeciesParatuberculosisUsing a Whole-Cell Sonicate or a Johnin Purified-Protein Derivative

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