The mycoplasmas.

Razin, Shmuel

doi:10.1128/mmbr.42.2.414-470.1978

Cited by 218 publications

(149 citation statements)

References 232 publications

(483 reference statements)

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“…Mollicutes are polymorphic microorganisms (spheroid, filamentous, ramified, helicoïdal) characterized by an absence of a cell wall, and therefore poorly resistant to extreme environments. Usually, Mollicutes have a reduced genome and depend on host nutrients (Maniloff & Morowitz, 1972;Razin, 1978Razin, , 1998Clark, 1984;Regassa & Gasparich, 2006). The midgut of R. exoculata does not moult and is relatively independent of environmental conditions, suggesting that it could be a sufficiently stable habitat to harbour Mollicutes.…”

Section: The Gut Bacterial Distribution and Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial diversity associated with the hydrothermal shrimpRimicaris exoculatagut and occurrence of a resident microbial community

Durand

Zbinden

Cueff-Gauchard

et al. 2010

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

189

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Rimicaris exoculata dominates the megafauna of several Mid-Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal sites. Its gut is full of sulphides and iron-oxide particles and harbours microbial communities. Although a trophic symbiosis has been suggested, their role remains unclear. In vivo starvation experiments in pressurized vessels were performed on shrimps from Rainbow and Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse sites in order to expel the transient gut contents. Microbial communities associated with the gut of starved and reference shrimps were compared using 16S rRNA gene libraries and microscopic observations (light, transmission and scanning electron microscopy and FISH analyses). We show that the gut microbiota of shrimps from both sites included mainly Deferribacteres, Mollicutes, Epsilon- and Gammaproteobacteria. For the first time, we have observed filamentous bacteria, inserted between microvilli of gut epithelial cells. They remained after starvation periods in empty guts, suggesting the occurrence of a resident microbial community. The bacterial community composition was the same regardless of the site, except for Gammaproteobacteria retrieved only in Rainbow specimens. We observed a shift in the composition of the microbiota of long-starved specimens, from the dominance of Deferribacteres to the dominance of Gammaproteobacteria. These results reinforce the hypothesis of a symbiotic relationship between R. exoculata and its gut epibionts.

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Section: The Gut Bacterial Distribution and Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial diversity associated with the hydrothermal shrimpRimicaris exoculatagut and occurrence of a resident microbial community

Durand

Zbinden

Cueff-Gauchard

et al. 2010

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

189

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“…Mycoplasmas are a diverse group of cell wall-less bacteria which are typically animal pathogens, readily colonize mucosal surfaces, are non-invasive, and are often immunosuppressive [ll. This genus has complex nutritional requirements, which include cholesterol, phospholipids, and nucleic acid precursors [2]. These precursors are acquired either from the host cell, interstitial fluid or the growth medium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of thiol-active compounds and sterols on the membrane-associated hemolysin of Mycoplasma pulmonis

Jarvill-Taylor¹

1995

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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Previous studies had shown that Mycoplasma pulmonis contained a bovine serum albumin-dependent, membrane-associated hemolysin. Biochemical analyses were performed to further characterize this activity. The membrane-associated hemolytic activity could be activated by dithiothreitol and beta-mercaptoethanol, and inactivated by oxidizing compounds, a sulfhydryl inhibitor and heat treatment. Cholesterol and other sterols were inhibitory in a stereo-specific manner, but they did not interfere with adherence of M. pulmonis to red blood cells. These results indicated that once attached, the M. pulmonis hemolysin recognized cholesterol in the opposing membrane leading to red cell lysis. Because of the unique location of this toxin and its sensitivity to cholesterol, the mycoplasma membrane hemolysins may belong to a unique class of bacterial toxins.

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“…These obligately parasitic microorganisms are the causative agents of many crippling and fatal diseases in animals. Mycoplasma species are generally segregated into two metabolic groups based on their ability to either ferment glucose or to hydrolyse arginine via the arginine dihydrolase pathway [1]. Arginine has been considered as a major energy source for non-fermentative mycoplasmas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arginine utilization by Mycoplasma fermentans is not regulated by glucose metabolism: A 13C-NMR study

Olson¹

1993

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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13C-NMR studies on the effect of glucose metabolism on arginine hydrolysis in Mycoplasma fermentans cells have been performed using a continuous perfusion technique. With this procedure we were able to show, in the presence of glucose, the rapid accumulation of lactic acid and, in the presence of arginine, the formation of citrulline that is apparently further metabolized. As the accumulation of lactate and the breakdown of arginine were observed in the simultaneous presence of both substrates, it is suggested that the glucose utilization has little or no effect on the deimination of arginine to citrulline.

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The mycoplasmas.

Cited by 218 publications

References 232 publications

Microbial diversity associated with the hydrothermal shrimpRimicaris exoculatagut and occurrence of a resident microbial community

Microbial diversity associated with the hydrothermal shrimpRimicaris exoculatagut and occurrence of a resident microbial community

The effect of thiol-active compounds and sterols on the membrane-associated hemolysin of Mycoplasma pulmonis

Arginine utilization by Mycoplasma fermentans is not regulated by glucose metabolism: A 13C-NMR study

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