The nanotipped hairs of gecko skin and biotemplated replicas impair and/or kill pathogenic bacteria with high efficiency

Li, X; Cheung, Gary; Watson, Gregory S.; Watson, Jolanta A.; Lin, Shu‐Fang; Schwarzkopf, Lin; Green, D W

doi:10.1039/c6nr05046h

Cited by 100 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Many micrometer-and nanometer-scale topographic patterns with varying shape and size have been shown to inhibit biofilm formation compared to flat surfaces of the same material [29,34]. It was concluded by Perera et al that microtopographic surface patterns represent a promising approach to inhibit bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation, since they found protruding and receding squares, circles, and parallel channels on their material provoked a significant reduction in bacterial adhesion relative to the smooth control samples [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another study [11] used a hot HF solution to 100 • C could remove zirconia surface grains unevenly instead of a uniform disposal of the surface layer, such that a surface with holes and pits of various sizes, exposed with sharp and spiky surface (Figure 2) as revealed in this study, could be formed. This type of uneven surface may inhibit bacteria attachment, since bacteria ranged in size from 0.2 to 5 µm and these various sizes of holes and pits may not allow a favorable environment for bacteria attachment [36], needless to say the sharp spiky surfaces could shred the bacteria, which would have a certain physical anti-bacteria effect [34]. Therefore, the special surface topography of the zirconia surfaces in Group HF and Group GBHF may have a negative effect on bacteria attachment and inhibit biofilm formation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Grit-Blasting and Hydrofluoric Acid Etching Treatment on Surface Characteristics and Biofilm Formation on Zirconia

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of hydrofluoric acid etching treatment on the surface characteristics of zirconia and Streptococcus sanguinis (S. sanguinis) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) biofilm formation on zirconia. Zirconia specimens were prepared with different treatments, including being polished with 1000-grit SiC abrasive paper as the control group (Group C), grit-blasted with 110 µm silica-coated alumina particles (Group GB), etched with 40% hydrofluoric acid for 25 min at 100 • C (Group HF), and grit-blasted with 110 µm silica-coated alumina particles and then etched with 40% hydrofluoric acid for 25 min at 100 • C (Group GBHF). The highest surface roughness values and hydrophilicity were shown in Group HF and Group GBHF. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that hydrofluoric acid can create a crater-like appearance on the zirconia surface. An energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis demonstrated similar element concentration (wt %) in Group C, Group HF, and Group GBHF, but not for Group GB with higher concentrations of Al and Si element. Colony forming unit (CFU) counts showed that a similar amount of S. sanguinis biofilm and significantly lower P. gingivalis biofilm were formed on zirconia surfaces in Group HF and Group GBHF compared to that in Group C after three days of bacteria culture (p < 0.05). These results indicate that hydrofluoric acid etching on zirconia may not increase S. sanguinis and P. gingivalis mature biofilm formation on zirconia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Grit-Blasting and Hydrofluoric Acid Etching Treatment on Surface Characteristics and Biofilm Formation on Zirconia

et al. 2017

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“…20,22,[24][25][26]31,32,[34][35][36]38,[53][54][55][56][57] While the precise mechanism responsible for the antibacterial activity is still the subject of debate, 32,58 the consensus between the results obtained from both experimental [22][23][24][25][26]31,32,38,59,60 and theoretical 32,33 studies suggest that a torsional force is induced across the bacterial membrane upon surface adsorption.…”

Section: Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The smaller, more-rigid, spherical S. aureus cells have a higher probability of attaching in these non-lethal regions than the larger P. aeruginosa cells. These multi-directional, bimodal nanostructures may exhibit a greater biocidal activity than that of the more regular nanostructures previously investigated, including both naturally occuring 23,25,26,32,[34][35][36][53][54][55] and synthetic 24,27,33,37,48,49,54,57,65 surfaces. This occurs because the bacteria are subjected to forces operating in multiple directions during surface adsorption, which limits their ability to evade critical membrane damage, and hence cell death.…”

Section: Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-directional electrodeposited gold nanospikes for antibacterial surface applications

et al. 2019

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The incorporation of high-aspect-ratio nanostructures across surfaces has been widely reported to impart antibacterial characteristics to a substratum. This occurs because the presence of such nanostructures can induce the mechanical rupture of attaching bacteria, causing cell death. As such, the development of highefficacy antibacterial nano-architectures fabricated on a variety of biologically relevant materials is critical to the wider acceptance of this technology. In this study, we report the antibacterial behavior of a series of substrata containing multi-directional electrodeposited gold (Au) nanospikes, as both a function of deposition time and precursor concentration. Firstly, the bactericidal efficacy of substrata containing Au nanospikes was assessed as a function of deposition time to elucidate the nanopattern that exhibited the greatest degree of biocidal activity. Here, it was established that multi-directional nanospikes with an average height of $302 nm AE 57 nm (formed after a deposition time of 540 s) exhibited the greatest level of biocidal activity, with $88% AE 8% of the bacterial cells being inactivated. The deposition time was then kept constant, while the concentration of the HAuCl 4 and Pb(CH 3 COO) 2 precursor materials (used for the formation of the Au nanospikes) was varied, resulting in differing nanospike architectures.Altering the Pb(CH 3 COO) 2 precursor concentration produced multi-directional nanostructures with a wider distribution of heights, which increased the average antibacterial efficacy against both Gramnegative Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Importantly, the in situ electrochemical fabrication method used in this work is robust and straightforward, and is able to produce highly reproducible antibacterial surfaces. The results of this research will assist in the wider utilization of mechano-responsive nano-architectures for antimicrobial surface technologies.

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“…However, experimental evidence has demonstrated an opposite trend, in which the bactericidal activity increases as the nanoscale protrusions become sharper and taller 16 . Similarly, regarding a shear-stress mechanism linked to cell motility, experiments have shown that bactericidal nanotopograhies can also damage the membrane in microorganisms that lack any propulsion machinery 12,20 . Furthermore, and despite their promising functionality, up to now naturally occurring bactericidal topographies like those in the dragonfly and cicada wings have been mimicked on materials like poly(methylmethacrylate) 21 , titanium 19 , diamond 22 , and silicon 16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial envelope damage inflicted by bioinspired nanospikes grown in a hydrogel

Arias

Devorkin

Spear

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Device-associated infections are one of the deadliest complications accompanying the use of biomaterials, and despite recent advances in the development of anti-biofouling strategies, biomaterials that exhibit both functional tissue restoration and antimicrobial activity have been challenging to achieve. Here, we report the fabrication of bio-inspired bactericidal nanospikes in bacterial cellulose and investigate the mechanism underlying this phenomenon. We demonstrate these structures affects preferentially stiff membranes like those in Gram-positive bacteria, but exhibit cytocompatibility towards mammalian cells, a requisite for tissue restoration. We also reveal the bactericidal activity of the nanospikes is due to a pressure-induced mechanism, which depends on the cell's adherence time, nanospike's geometry and spacing, cell shape, and mechanical properties of the cell wall. Our findings provide a better understanding of the mechanobiology of bacterial cells at the interface with nanoscale structures, which is fundamental for the rational design bactericidal topographies.

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The nanotipped hairs of gecko skin and biotemplated replicas impair and/or kill pathogenic bacteria with high efficiency

Cited by 100 publications

References 44 publications

Influence of Grit-Blasting and Hydrofluoric Acid Etching Treatment on Surface Characteristics and Biofilm Formation on Zirconia

Influence of Grit-Blasting and Hydrofluoric Acid Etching Treatment on Surface Characteristics and Biofilm Formation on Zirconia

Multi-directional electrodeposited gold nanospikes for antibacterial surface applications

Bacterial envelope damage inflicted by bioinspired nanospikes grown in a hydrogel

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