The natural feed additives as immunostimulants in monogastric animal nutrition – a review

Abstract

Probiotics, prebiotics, and phytobiotics could be a possible solution as immunostimulants in monogastric animal nutrition. Beneficial effects of application thereof in animals are determined by many factors, e.g. the type of the probiotic strain, probiotic compounds, or plant species used as a supplement. A significant role is also played by the animal species, dosage, and the time and method of administration. The activity of these compounds is primarily focused on prevention of pathogen infections and, consequently, improvement of animal welfare. Probiotics compete with pathogenic bacteria by covering the intestinal epithelium mucosa, thereby interrupting pathogen colonization in the gastrointestinal tract. Supplementation with probiotics, prebiotics, and phytobiotics can also induce positive changes in the intestinal morphology, e.g. elongation of villi or deepening of intestinal crypts. In a majority of cases, they also modulate the immune response of the host. They mobilise the cellular components of the innate immune system (macrophages and heterophils), which defend the animal organism against gastrointestinal infection. Another possibility is the synthesis and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines that modulate adaptive immunity or stabilization of the intestinal microbiome. The main target of immunomodulatory feed additives is reduction of local inflammation, enhancement of the function of the immune system, a substantial impact on the health status of livestock animals, and improvement of their health status and production performance.

The influece of different microclimate conditions on productive indices and safety of pigs

“…На нашу думку наведені дані авторів вказують на можливий взаємозв'язок між продуктивним станом, збереженістю свиней та умовами мікроклімату (Prunier, de Braganca, & Le Dividich, 1997 У поросят з контрольної групи виявлено зниження нейтрофілів (56,88% і 53,76%) та підвищення лімфоцитів, що можна розглядати як критерій підвищення їх імунного статусу. З віком збільшується кількість лейкоцитів, а нейтрофілів -знижується, це вказує на підвищення захисних функцій організму та узгоджується повідомленнями (Kiczorowska, Samolinska, & Al-Yasiry, 2017;Machula, Chornyy, & Shchepetil′nikov, 2017;Trckovaetal, 2014;Vlizloetal, 2012 Примітка: в чисельникупоказники в контрольній групі, в знаменникуу дослідній; *p≤ 0,05 у відношенні до контролю.…”

Slaughter Qualities and Chemical Composition of the Meat of the Broiler Chickens Fed with Thyme Extract

“…The results of studying the amino acid composition of the meat of the broiler chickens showed that the amount of essential amino acids in the breast muscles of the broilers in the third, the fourth, and the fifth experimental groups had been higher by 0.3 -0.5 % than in the reference group, while in the first and the second experimental groups, it had been lower by 0.9 % and 0.8 %, respectively, than in the reference group (Figure 4). S. N. Udintsev, T. P. Zhilyakova, D. P. Melnikov [12], B. Kiczorowska et al [8] in using phytobiotics experimentally showed the stabilization of the microflora balance in the intestines of animals, along with the increased food consumption and efficiency of essential nutrients absorption. In the studies of Popović S. et al [13], adding a mixture of plants Artemisia absinthium, Thymus vulgaris, Mentha piperitae, and Thymus serpyllum to the diet of broiler chickens in the amount of 2.0 g per 100 g of feed resulted in the increased live weight and the European index of productivity, and significantly reduced the mortality rate.…”

“…Thyme contains biologically active substances such as thymol, carvacrol, terpinene, terpineol, borneol, tannins, amarines, gum, triterpenic compoundsursolic and oleanolic acid, flavonoids, and a considerable amount of mineral salts [7]. Thyme is a stimulant of vital processes; it has a positive effect on the physiological properties of the organisms of agricultural animals and poultry [8]. In this regard, the research was aimed at determining the efficiency of using various dosages of the extract of the thyme medicinal plant on the slaughter quality and chemical composition of the meat of broiler chickens of the Hubbard ISA F-15 cross.…”

Therapeutic effectiveness of probiotic and phytobiotic for gastroenteritis of weaned piglets

“…Вони продукують бактеріоцини, які мають антимікробну дію проти патогенних штамів кишкової мікрофлори та молочну кислоту, визначаючи стан кислотності у шлунково-кишковому каналі (Silva et al, 2010;Živković et al, 2011;Kiczorowska et al, 2017).…”