The need for a correct oxygen-ozone autohemotherapy (O3-AHT) in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 pneumonia

Chirumbolo, Salvatore; Pandolfi, Sergio; Valdenassi, Luigi; Bertossi, Dario; Franzini, Marianno

doi:10.1007/s11739-020-02592-w

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…To avoid possible dangerous side effects, the protocols in medical ozone must be standardized. The Italian Society of Oxygen Ozone Therapy (SIOOT) assayed, optimized and improved such protocols, and approved the only standardized protocol for the use of ozone as a medical treatment ( Chirumbolo et al, 2021a , b ; Varesi et al, 2021 ). The O 2 -O 3 therapy is nowadays a non-invasive medical practice free of side effects, applied in the treatment of several diseases, such as cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, orthopedic, dermatological, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary pathologies ( Sagai and Bocci, 2011 ; Smith et al, 2017 ; Braidy et al, 2018 ; Scassellati et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is now well established that the unexpected beneficial effects of O 3 in biological tissues are related to its ability to stimulate the intracellular signaling and metabolism, to boost the tissue antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and to potentiate the immunological response. The administration protocol, as well as the treatment concentration of O 3 , seems to be crucial for its therapeutic response, with low doses favoring a mild tissue oxidative stress in mitochondria (mitohormesis), leading to the activation of antioxidant adaptive and survival responses, whereas high doses favoring the occurrence of known damaging effects ( Bocci et al, 2011 ; Chirumbolo et al, 2021b ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanisms of Action of Ozone Therapy in Emerging Viral Diseases: Immunomodulatory Effects and Therapeutic Advantages With Reference to SARS-CoV-2

Cenci¹,

Macchia²,

Sorsa³

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Medical oxygen-ozone (O2-O3) is a successful therapeutic approach accounting on the assessed beneficial action of ozone in the range 30–45 μg/ml (expanded range 10–80 μg/ml according to different protocols), as in this dosage range ozone is able to trigger a cellular hormetic response via the modulating activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as signaling molecules. The ozone-dependent ROS-mediated fatty acid oxidation leads to the formation of lipid ozonization products (LOPs), which act as signal transducers by triggering ROS signaling and therefore mitohormetic processes. These processes ultimately activate survival mechanisms at a cellular level, such as the Nrf2/Keap1/ARE system activation, the AMPK/FOXO/mTOR/Sir1 pathway and the Nrf2/NF-kB cross talk. Furthermore, indirectly, via these pathways, LOPs trigger the HIF-1α pathway, the HO-1 signaling and the NO/iNOS biochemical machinery. Ozone-driven shift of cytokine activation pathways, from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory immediately afterwards, also exert direct immunoregulatory effects on regulatory T lymphocytes as well as on the intestinal microbiota, which in turn can affect immune response thus influencing the progression of the disease. In this review, we will describe the biological and biochemical mechanisms of action of ozone therapy with the aim of evaluating both positive and critical aspects of ozone use as a therapeutic adjuvant in the light of emerging viral infections, such as SARS-CoV-2 and microbiome-associated disorders related to SARS-CoV-2.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Action of Ozone Therapy in Emerging Viral Diseases: Immunomodulatory Effects and Therapeutic Advantages With Reference to SARS-CoV-2

Cenci¹,

Macchia²,

Sorsa³

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Insights on the mechanisms of action of ozone in the medical therapy against COVID-19

Chirumbolo

Valdenassi

Simonetti

et al. 2021

International Immunopharmacology

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An increasing amount of reports in the literature is showing that medical ozone (O 3 ) is used, with encouraging results, in treating COVID-19 patients, optimizing pain and symptoms relief, respiratory parameters, inflammatory and coagulation markers and the overall health status, so reducing significantly how much time patients underwent hospitalization and intensive care. To date, aside from mechanisms taking into account the ability of O 3 to activate a rapid oxidative stress response, by up-regulating antioxidant and scavenging enzymes, no sound hypothesis was addressed to attempt a synopsis of how O 3 should act on COVID-19. The knowledge on how O 3 works on inflammation and thrombosis mechanisms is of the utmost importance to make physicians endowed with new guns against SARS-CoV2 pandemic. This review tries to address this issue, so to expand the debate in the scientific community.

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The need for a correct oxygen-ozone autohemotherapy (O3-AHT) in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 pneumonia

Cited by 2 publications

References 2 publications

Mechanisms of Action of Ozone Therapy in Emerging Viral Diseases: Immunomodulatory Effects and Therapeutic Advantages With Reference to SARS-CoV-2

Mechanisms of Action of Ozone Therapy in Emerging Viral Diseases: Immunomodulatory Effects and Therapeutic Advantages With Reference to SARS-CoV-2

Insights on the mechanisms of action of ozone in the medical therapy against COVID-19

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