“…Additionally, the focus has been given to countries such as the USA (Ferreira, 2018), Saudi Arabia (Khanifah et al, 2020), Malaysia (AlQadasi & Abidin, 2018) and Nigeria (Anaedozie, 2016), auditing and corporate governance initiatives capable of addressing corruption concerns in Kurdistan have been neglected. Additionally, there is a need to ascertain whether the stability and improved corporate governance practices in some Islamic banks compared to other conventional banks are attributed to sound external auditing practices (Al-Chahadah, Soda & Al Omari, 2018; Cinaj et al, 2020;Nguyen, 2019).…”