The need for standards in recording and analysing respiratory sounds

Mussell, M. J.

doi:10.1007/bf02446121

Cited by 38 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This raises the question of whether snoring recordings are reliable. Despite all the interest in snoring, the objective measurement of the snoring sound has encountered problems: lack of standardisation [20,23]; lack of the definition of snoring [14]; and variability of snoring [24]. The lack of standardisation renders the comparison between different studies difficult.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-assisted uvulopalatoplasty for snoring: does it meet the expectations?

Larrosa

Hernández²,

Morelló³

et al. 2004

Eur Respir J

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The high prevalence of habitual snoring (35% of the general population) and the increasing demand for an effective treatment have led, in the last decade, to the generalisation of laser-assisted uvulopalatoplasty (LAUP). However, acceptable studies on its effectiveness are lacking.The present randomised, placebo-controlled study included 25 nonapnoeic and mild obstructive sleep apnoea snorers to evaluate LAUP effectiveness for snoring. Group I received a one-stage LAUP treatment and group II a placebo (simulated snore surgery followed by an oral placebo). Before each treatment and 3 months after, the variables and procedures assessed were: body weight; sleepiness (Epworth sleepiness scale); quality of life (SF-36); subjective snoring intensity (0-10 analogue scale); objective snoring intensity (average decibel intensity); snoring index (number of snores per hour); and apnoea/hypopnea index.No differences were observed in body weight, sleepiness, quality of life, subjective and objective intensity, and frequency of snoring, and apnoea/hypopnea index between the groups before and 3 months after treatment.In conclusion, this study provides evidence of the lack of effectiveness of one-stage laser-assisted uvulopalatoplasty for snoring in nonapnoeic and mild obstructive sleep apnoea patients, with the result that it does not meet the expectations generated by the procedure. Laser-assisted uvulopalatoplasty (LAUP) is an outpatient procedure that involves partial resection of the uvula and soft palate using a laser. It is usually offered as a treatment for snoring or as an alternative treatment in mild obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). However, methodologically accepted studies on the effectiveness of this treatment are limited since randomised placebo-controlled studies are lacking [1]. The high prevalence of habitual snoring (35% of the general population) [2] and the increasing demand for an effective treatment have led, in the last decade, to the generalisation of LAUP. Its indication has probably been favoured by the widespread belief that surgical procedures are more decisive. Furthermore, disparate results concerning this procedure have been published on the basis of objective measurements of snoring before and after treatment [3][4][5]. This, together with the potential risks and complications of LAUP [1], has cast doubt on the need for treating nonapnoeic snorers [6], and the high cost of treating a growing number of patients has led to the usefulness of LAUP being challenged. Thus, further evidence in support of this treatment is warranted. Accordingly, the authors of the present study conducted a prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled study in patients whose main symptom was disruptive snoring (male sex, age range 30-60 yrs, body mass index (BMI) range 25-30 kg?m -2 , apnoea/ hypopnea index (AHI) f30 and considered to be palatal snorers) to evaluate the effect of LAUP in relieving snoring both subjectively and objectively. Material and methods Study subjectsEntry criteria specified: an initial c...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-assisted uvulopalatoplasty for snoring: does it meet the expectations?

Larrosa

Hernández²,

Morelló³

et al. 2004

Eur Respir J

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“…"Electronic recording and computer analysis of respiratory sounds from the chest and trachea of normal subjects and patients with respiratory disease, has, over the past decade or so, become a major preoccupation of many clinical and engineering teams" [10].…”

Section: Historical Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Acoustic properties of the normal chest

Dalmay

Antonini²,

Marquet³

et al. 1995

Eur Respir J

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Laënnec invented the stethoscope in 1816 and published a treatise on auscultation in 1819. We then had to wait until the 1950s to observe development of modern devices and methods of recording and signal-processing, which allowed objective studies of lung sounds in time and frequency fields.Tracheobronchial sounds generated by ventilation originate in the upper airways, the frequency content of these sounds has led to extensive research. Consolidated lungs act as more efficient sound conductors to the chest wall (bronchial breathing murmur). Tracheobronchial sounds contain higher frequency components compared to vesicular lung sounds.The origin of vesicular lung sounds has been becoming progressively clear for about 10 yrs. It is at least partly produced locally, deep, and probably intralobular. Clearly, further studies need to be performed in order to elucidate the true mechanisms involved in generating vesicular lung sounds, the redistribution of intrapulmonary gas or vibrations caused by the stretching of lung tissue.The devices developed are already useful for monitoring the state of patients in intensive care. Sooner or later, real time analysis and automated diagnosis will become available.

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“…Thus, we can write for with for with where and are the corresponding durations. In addition, these signals represent the "distorted" or modified version of the reference heart sounds, i.e., (2) where refers to the convolution operation, and represent the first and second heart reference sounds, and and denote the impulse responses of the "unknown" systems representing the correlation between the reference heart sounds and the interference heart sounds.…”

Section: Modeling Of the Acquired Respiratory Signalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the last decade or so, several attempts have been made to avoid the subjectivity of the method and to characterize the sounds through a more quantitative analysis. The sounds analysis has established the necessity to eliminate the interference signals prior to the extraction of relevant features [2]. The acquired signals not only contain respiratory sounds, but also heart sounds, ambient, muscle contraction, and hair noises.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the heart sounds are unavoidable and sometimes represent severe disturbing interference; each heartbeat produces two major sounds, known as the first and second heart sounds. In addition, intersubject and intrasubject biological variability and the overlap between frequency contents of the heart and respiratory sounds are important factors that preclude the application of deterministic filtering schemes [2], [3]. Some researchers apply highpass filtering schemes to remove the low-frequency part of the respiratory sound spectrum.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Interference cancellation in respiratory sounds via a multiresolution joint time-delay and signal-estimation scheme

Charleston

Azimi-Sadjadi²,

González-Camarena³

1997

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.

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Abstract-This paper is concerned with the problem of cancellation of heart sounds from the acquired respiratory sounds using a new joint time-delay and signal-estimation (JTDSE) procedure. Multiresolution discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is first applied to decompose the signals into several subbands. To accurately separate the heart sounds from the acquired respiratory sounds, time-delay estimation (TDE) is performed iteratively in each subband using two adaptation mechanisms that minimize the sum of squared errors between these signals. The time delay is updated using a nonlinear adaptation, namely the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm, while the function of the other adaptive system-which uses the block fast transversal filter (BFTF)-is to minimize the mean squared error between the outputs of the delay estimator and the adaptive filter. The proposed methodology possesses a number of key benefits such as the incorporation of multiple complementary information at different subbands, robustness in presence of noise, and accuracy in TDE. The scheme is applied to several cases of simulated and actual respiratory sounds under different conditions and the results are compared with those of the standard adaptive filtering. The results showed the promise of the scheme for the TDE and subsequent interference cancellation.

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The need for standards in recording and analysing respiratory sounds

Cited by 38 publications

References 35 publications

Laser-assisted uvulopalatoplasty for snoring: does it meet the expectations?

Laser-assisted uvulopalatoplasty for snoring: does it meet the expectations?

Acoustic properties of the normal chest

Interference cancellation in respiratory sounds via a multiresolution joint time-delay and signal-estimation scheme

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