The need for systematic diagnosis of exercise-induced respiratory syndromes: the example of swimming-induced pulmonary edema

Nikolaidis, Pantelis Theodoros; Knechtle, Beat

doi:10.1080/00913847.2017.1369842

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…A uniform set of criteria for SIPE diagnosis would advance knowledge of SIPE by comparison between populations and settings. 24 In the presented data, the diagnostics of SIPE varied from 2016 through 2019. The lesson learned in 2017 was the presence of auscultation of crackles over the anterior chest in swimmers with SIPE.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Swimming-Induced Pulmonary Edema

Hårdstedt

Kristiansson

Seiler

et al. 2021

Chest

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BACKGROUND: Despite increasing awareness of swimming-induced pulmonary edema (SIPE), large population-based studies are lacking and the incidence is unknown. RESEARCH QUESTION: What is the incidence of SIPE in a mixed group of competitive and recreational swimmers during a large open-water swimming event? METHODS: In four consecutive years (2016-2019), a prospective cohort study was conducted during Sweden's largest open-water swimming event, Vansbrosimningen. All swimmers seeking medical care with acute respiratory symptoms were eligible for the study. SIPE diagnosis was based on clinical findings in 2016 and 2017 and pulmonary edema assessed by lung ultrasound in 2018 and 2019. Data on patient characteristics, clinical findings, and information about the race were collected.RESULTS: Based on 47,573 consecutive swimming distances, 322 patients with acute respiratory symptoms (0.68%; CI, 0.61%-0.75%) were treated at the mobile medical unit. Of these, 211 patients (0.44%; CI, 0.39%-0.51%) received a diagnosis of SIPE. The annual incidence of SIPE was 0.34%, 0.47%, 0.41%, and 0.57%, respectively, from 2016 through 2019. Most patients diagnosed with SIPE were women (90%), despite about equal percentages of men and women participating (47% men and 53% women). The incidence of SIPE overall was 0.75% in women and 0.09% in men. The incidence increased with age, from 0.08% in the youngest age group (18-30 years) to 1.1% in the oldest age group ($ 61 years). Based on multiple logistic regression analysis, the adjusted odds for SIPE occurring was 8.59 times higher for women compared with men and 12.74 times higher for the oldest age group compared with the youngest age group. INTERPRETATION:The incidence of SIPE over 4 years during a large open-water swimming event in Sweden was 0.44%. The incidence was higher in women than in men and increased with age.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%