The negative impact factor analysis to the environment from logging production on the North-West region of Russian Federation

Abstract

Logging operations and timber transportation have a negative impact to natural and natural-anthropogenic
 environmental objects. Accounting, evaluation and forecasting of negative impact types will allow rational planning of
 technological logging operations. The negative impact degree data will allow assessing the total damage to
 environmental objects and, taking into account the loads of a particular work types provide for a set of protective
 measures adequate to the corresponding impact degree. The impact degree of types of logging activities to the
 environment was determined using the method of expert assessments. The variability of the nature and significance of
 the technogenic impact from logging and removal of wood was studied by the method of principal components. The
 generalized list of types of negative impact is ranked in the direction of decreasing degree as follows: pollution of water
 runoff and soils by leaks of fuels and lubricants, changes in biodiversity, damage to forest stands, destruction and
 pollution of soils, air pollution with chemical impurities, wastewater discharges into water bodies, landfill of domestic
 waste and discharge of effluents into the soil. When assessing biodiversity, increased attention should be paid to the
 organization of household and auxiliary technological processes. They are characterized by medium loads, causing
 pollution of water and soil by domestic and industrial effluents, and the formation of landfills for domestic and
 industrial waste. The construction of forest roads and work on refueling, repair and maintenance of logging equipment
 in workshops and fuel filling stations contribute to the manifestation of atypical impacts in the form of water and soil
 pollution with oil products. The obtained theoretical substantiation must be supplemented with relevant data from field
 studies on the identified types of negative impacts. Based on the predicted values of the degree of negative impact on
 the environment, the authors develop a set of scientifically substantiated technical and technological solutions that
 increase environmental safety during logging operations