The neglected 95%: Why American psychology needs to become less American.

Arnett, Jeffrey Jensen

doi:10.1037/14805-008

Cited by 106 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Although the studies examined in the present research were conducted in two different countries (i.e., United States and Switzerland) and although one study included Mexican-origin adolescents, it is unclear whether the results generalize to samples from other cultural contexts such as African and Asian countries (Arnett, 2008;Henrich, Heine, & Norenzayan, 2010).…”

Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Refining the vulnerability model of low self-esteem and depression: Disentangling the effects of genuine self-esteem and narcissism.

Orth¹,

Robins²,

Meier³

et al. 2016

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

167

111

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Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Refining the vulnerability model of low self-esteem and depression: Disentangling the effects of genuine self-esteem and narcissism.

Orth¹,

Robins²,

Meier³

et al. 2016

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

167

111

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“…Given that the present research used data from a German sample, future research should examine the link between relationship transitions and self-esteem development in samples from other, particularly non-Western, cultural contexts (Arnett, 2008;Henrich, Heine, & Norenzayan, 2010). For example, research suggests that people from Asian cultures, compared to Western countries, are characterized by a lower need for self-esteem and a stronger centrality of relationships for their self-concept (Heine, Lehman, Markus, & Kitayama, 1999;Markus & Kitayama, 1991), which may influence selection and socialization effects between self-esteem and relationship transitions.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transitions in romantic relationships and development of self-esteem.

Luciano

Orth

2017

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

114

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Research suggests that self-esteem increases during late adolescence and young adulthood, but that there is large interindividual variability in this development. However, little is known about the factors accounting for these findings. Using propensity score matching, we tested whether important transitions in the domain of romantic relationships (i.e., beginning a relationship, marrying, and breaking up) explain why individuals differ in the particular selfesteem trajectory they follow. Data came from a longitudinal German study with a large sample of three nationally representative cohorts of late adolescents and young adults (total N = 9,069).The analyses were based on four assessments across a three-year period. Using matched samples, the results showed that beginning a relationship increased self-esteem and that the increase persisted when the relationship held at least for one year. Experiencing a relationship break-up decreased self-esteem, but the effect disappeared after one year, even if the participant stayed single. Marrying did not influence self-esteem. Additionally, we tested for selection effects of self-esteem on the later occurrence of relationship transitions. High self-esteem predicted the beginning of a relationship and low self-esteem predicted relationship break-up. All findings held across gender, age, and migration background. Furthermore, relationship quality mediated the effect of self-esteem on relationship break-up and the effect of beginning a longer vs. a short relationship on self-esteem. The findings have significant implications because they show that self-esteem influences whether important transitions occur in the relationship domain and that, in turn, experiencing these transitions influences the further development of self-esteem.Keywords: self-esteem development, life transitions, romantic relationships, propensity score matching, longitudinal ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS AND SELF-ESTEEM DEVELOPMENT 3 Transitions in Romantic Relationships and Development of Self-EsteemIn recent years, there has been a growing interest in the development of self-esteem.Research has shown that self-esteem-which is defined as "an individual's subjective evaluation of her or his worth as a person" (Donnellan, Trzesniewski, & Robins, 2011, p.718)-typically increases during late adolescence and young adulthood, but that individuals differ substantially in the particular self-esteem trajectory they follow (e.g., Orth & Robins, 2014;Trzesniewski, Donnellan, & Robins, 2013). However, surprisingly little is known about the factors that shape self-esteem development. Although many researchers assume that events occurring in a person's life such as establishing a romantic relationship or being promoted have the potential to affect a person's level of self-esteem, only few studies have actually tested whether important life events and life transitions influence self-esteem (see Orth & Luciano, 2015). Thus, there is a need for a better understanding of the factors that account for individual differenc...

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“…More informative tests on the extent of uniformity vs. diversity in human facial displays require studies in small-scale, indigenous societies (20). Here, we report two such studies, collected by a multidisciplinary research team, speaking the vernacular and with extensive field experience, using adolescents from a small-scale society-the Trobriand Islands of Papua New Guinea-with considerable cultural and visual isolation from the West.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The fear gasping face as a threat display in a Melanesian society

Crivelli

Russell

Jarillo

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Theory and research show that humans attribute both emotions and intentions to others on the basis of facial behavior: A gasping face can be seen as showing "fear" and intent to submit. The assumption that such interpretations are pancultural derives largely from Western societies. Here, we report two studies conducted in an indigenous, small-scale Melanesian society with considerable cultural and visual isolation from the West: the Trobrianders of Papua New Guinea. Our multidisciplinary research team spoke the vernacular and had extensive prior fieldwork experience. In study 1, Trobriand adolescents were asked to attribute emotions, social motives, or both to a set of facial displays. Trobrianders showed a mixed and variable attribution pattern, although with much lower agreement than studies of Western samples. Remarkably, the gasping face (traditionally considered a display of fear and submission in the West) was consistently matched to two unpredicted categories: anger and threat. In study 2, adolescents were asked to select the face that was threatening; Trobrianders chose the "fear" gasping face whereas Spaniards chose an "angry" scowling face. Our findings, consistent with functional approaches to animal communication and observations made on threat displays in small-scale societies, challenge the Western assumption that "fear" gasping faces uniformly express fear or signal submission across cultures.behavioral ecology | facial behavior | indigenous societies | emotion | diversity

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The neglected 95%: Why American psychology needs to become less American.

Cited by 106 publications

References 31 publications

Refining the vulnerability model of low self-esteem and depression: Disentangling the effects of genuine self-esteem and narcissism.

Refining the vulnerability model of low self-esteem and depression: Disentangling the effects of genuine self-esteem and narcissism.

Transitions in romantic relationships and development of self-esteem.

The fear gasping face as a threat display in a Melanesian society

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