The Nervous System Disorders in COVID-19: From Theory to Practice

Захарычева, Т. А.; Makhovskaya, T. G.; Shirokova, Alexandra; Shikina, Irina

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-71782-7_17

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 21 publications

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“…Dyspnea in PCS therefore does not occur because of abnormal blood gases, but as a result of the altered metabolic situation in skeletal muscles. Moreover, in PCS, stimulation of the respiratory center may be further enhanced by dysautonomia, resulting in a significant hyperventilation that leads to hypocapnia and respiratory alkalosis [ 28 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dyspnea in Post-COVID Syndrome following Mild Acute COVID-19 Infections: Potential Causes and Consequences for a Therapeutic Approach

Wirth

Scheibenbogen

2022

Medicina

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Dyspnea, shortness of breath, and chest pain are frequent symptoms of post-COVID syndrome (PCS). These symptoms are unrelated to organ damage in most patients after mild acute COVID infection. Hyperventilation has been identified as a cause of exercise-induced dyspnea in PCS. Since there is a broad overlap in symptomatology with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), causes for dyspnea and potential consequences can be deduced by a stringent application of assumptions made for ME/CFS in our recent review papers. One of the first stimuli of respiration in exercise is caused by metabolic feedback via skeletal muscle afferents. Hyperventilation in PCS, which occurs early on during exercise, can arise from a combined disturbance of a poor skeletal muscle energetic situation and autonomic dysfunction (overshooting respiratory response), both found in ME/CFS. The exaggerated respiratory response aggravating dyspnea does not only limit the ability to exercise but further impairs the muscular energetic situation: one of the buffering mechanisms to respiratory alkalosis is a proton shift from intracellular to extracellular space via the sodium–proton-exchanger subtype 1 (NHE1), thereby loading cells with sodium. This adds to two other sodium loading mechanisms already operative, namely glycolytic metabolism (intracellular acidosis) and impaired Na+/K+ATPase activity. High intracellular sodium has unfavorable effects on mitochondrial calcium and metabolism via sodium–calcium-exchangers (NCX). Mitochondrial calcium overload by high intracellular sodium reversing the transport mode of NCX to import calcium is a key driver for fatigue and chronification. Prevention of hyperventilation has a therapeutic potential by keeping intracellular sodium below the threshold where calcium overload occurs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dyspnea in Post-COVID Syndrome following Mild Acute COVID-19 Infections: Potential Causes and Consequences for a Therapeutic Approach

Wirth

Scheibenbogen

2022

Medicina

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Autonomic Dysregulation Syndrome in Covid-19 Convalescents: Possible Causes and Approaches to Its Correction

Захарычева¹,

Makhovskaya²,

Shirokova³

et al. 2021

Comprehensible Science

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Detectability of oncological diseases in the process of clinical examination of the adult population of Russia in 2013-2020

Zakharchenko

Terenteva

Shikina

2022

JDS

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The article analyzes the detection of neoplasms, including malignant ones, in the process of clinical examination of the adult population of Russia. It is shown that during the period of 2013-2020, 312206 cases of neoplasms, including 183436 malignant ones, were detected during the clinical examination. There is a tendency to an increase in the detection of neoplasms, including malignant ones, the average annual growth rate is 6.6%. Even taking into account the difficult epidemiological situation in 2020 caused by the new coronavirus infection COVID-19, which led to the termination for some time of the clinical examination, the detection of neoplasms, including malignant ones, continued to grow. Thus, detection of oncological diseases is increasing, which indicates the effectiveness of large-scale preventive measures, in particular, the clinical examination.

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The Nervous System Disorders in COVID-19: From Theory to Practice

Cited by 3 publications

References 21 publications

Dyspnea in Post-COVID Syndrome following Mild Acute COVID-19 Infections: Potential Causes and Consequences for a Therapeutic Approach

Dyspnea in Post-COVID Syndrome following Mild Acute COVID-19 Infections: Potential Causes and Consequences for a Therapeutic Approach

Autonomic Dysregulation Syndrome in Covid-19 Convalescents: Possible Causes and Approaches to Its Correction

Detectability of oncological diseases in the process of clinical examination of the adult population of Russia in 2013-2020

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