The Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination: Comparison with the Cognitive Capacity Screening Examination and the Mini-Mental State Examination in a Neurosurgical Population

Schwamm, Lee H; Dyke, Craig Van; Kiernan, Ralph J.; Merrin, Edward L.; Mueller, Jonathan

doi:10.7326/0003-4819-107-4-486

Cited by 178 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Although MMSE is frequently used to evaluate cognitive impairments, it has shortcomings, 54 one of which is its insensitivity in detecting subtle cognitive impairments, particularly among the highly educated. 55,56 CCSE, a more sensitive instrument, 57 was used in this study to complement MMSE. The specificity of subtests for measuring impaired domains of cognition during MCI staging requires further investigation.…”

Section: Meyer Et Al MCI Is Prodromal For Vad and Admentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Mild Cognitive Impairment Prodromal for Vascular Dementia Like Alzheimer’s Disease?

Meyer

Thornby

et al. 2002

Stroke

182

133

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Background and Purpose-Individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are at increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and probably other forms of dementia. Some subtypes of vascular dementia (VaD) may possess minor neuropathological changes of AD that may contribute to cognitive impairments. It was posited that MCI, identified by criteria described here, might present as a prodrome for VaD and AD. Methods-Serial Mini-Mental State Examination was administered at 3-to 6-month intervals, and neuroimaging was performed annually. Subtle cognitive dysfunctions were weighted and measured according to MCI criteria defined here. Subjects identified with MCI were then followed up for an additional 3.88Ϯ3.01 years. Diagnoses of VaD and AD were made according to established criteria. Results-During 3.72Ϯ2.94 years of follow-up of the original normative subjects, 73 of 291 (25.1%) developed MCI. Of the 27 subjects who developed VaD, 15 (55.6%) had prodromal MCI. Of these, two thirds were subclassified as having small-vessel dementia. The remaining 12 patients with VaD (44.4%) were diagnosed directly from a cognitively normal status without preceding MCI. These were predominantly multi-infarct or strategic-infarct dementia (66.7%). An additional 35 MCI subjects (47.9%) developed AD. Both VaD and AD diagnosed after MCI prodromes manifested similar spectral domains of cognitive impairments, which included memory, during their MCI stages. Conclusions-In some VaD subtypes, particularly those caused by subcortical microvascular disease, dementia may be preceded by MCI, which has similar domains of cognitive impairment and a similar progressive course that may mimic AD.

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Section: Meyer Et Al MCI Is Prodromal For Vad and Admentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Mild Cognitive Impairment Prodromal for Vascular Dementia Like Alzheimer’s Disease?

Meyer

Thornby

et al. 2002

Stroke

182

133

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“…For assessment of cognitive function, patients were tested by trained personnel with the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) [12] and the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination (Cognistat), a standardized neurobehavioral screening test [13,14] . Cognistat could not be completed or the results were not available in 36 patients, leaving 217 patients in the sample for analyses of relationships between WML and cognition ( table 1 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

White Matter Lesion Subtypes and Cognitive Deficits in Patients with Memory Impairment

Stenset¹,

Hofoss

Berstad

et al. 2008

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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Aim: To analyze the relationship between periventricular (PV) and subcortical (SC) white matter lesions (WML) and cognitive function in patients with memory impairment. Methods: In total, 253 patients with Global Deterioration Scale scores ≧3 who had been referred to a university-based memory unit due to memory complaints were included (mean age 69.7 years, 124 females). Cognitive function was assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination (Cognistat), and full test results were available for 217 patients. PV and SC WML loads (semi-quantitative rating on axial T₂-weighted MRI scans) were used in linear regression as predictors of cognition. Results: MMSE was significantly correlated with SC WML (p = 0.005), but not with PV WML (p = 0.19). Cognistat tests for orientation, comprehension, visuoconstruction, calculation, similarities, and judgment were negatively correlated with SC WML (p < 0.01), as was verbal memory with parieto-occipital SC WML (p < 0.05). Visuoconstruction and calculation were negatively correlated with PV WML (p < 0.05). Parieto-occipital WML were more strongly related to cognition than fronto-temporal WML. Only SC WML were significantly correlated with cognition when PV and SC WML were entered simultaneously in the regression model. Conclusion: In patients with cognitive impairment, SC WML, in particular in parieto-occipital regions, were associated with reduced cognitive function.

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“…[10,11] The Cognistat is a brief screening measure designed to detect cognitive dysfunction in hospitalized adults. It has been administered in medical, surgical, neurological, and psychiatric settings.…”

Section: Cognitive Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Points are summed within each cognitive ability area to provide independent scores as opposed to one overall score, resulting in a test that is more sensitive to impaired cognition. [10,11] The test developers report that reliability coefficients are difficult to obtain. Because the Cognistat has few items, split-half reliability coefficients are not considered practical.…”

Section: Cognitive Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this comparison, the Cognistat identified fewer false-negatives and was considered to be more sensitive to cognitive dysfunction. [11] Data Analysis All data were entered into an SPSS-PC (Chicago, IL, USA) program. Independent group t tests and chi-square analyses were conducted on all variables to determine any differences between the adherent and nonadherent groups prior to inferential analyses.…”

Section: Cognitive Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive Status in Hemodialysis as a Function of Fluid Adherence

2004

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Previous work has shown that dialysis improves cognitive functioning in hemodialysis patients, perhaps due to improvements in anemia among these patients. Such improvements in cognitive performance may lead to better levels of self-care and adherence with treatment. This study examined the relationship between fluid adherence and cognitive functioning in patients receiving hemodialysis. One hundred forty-seven patients were assessed with a brief screening instrument, the Cognistat, to determine their current level of functioning during the first hour of hemodialysis. Fluid nonadherence was operationalized as interdialytic weight gain above 1 kg/day. Rates of impairment on the Cognistat subscale ranged from 2.7% (orientation) to 54% (memory) in this sample. Roughly 68% of the sample was nonadherent during the course of treatment. Results found no differences in mean levels of cognitive performance between those who were adherent and those who were not and only modest relationships of measures of anemia to certain aspects of cognitive performance. For the hemodialysis patient to benefit from self-care education, the patient must be able to understand, remember, reason, and use cognitive processes to modify behavior. These results suggest that more in-depth assessment of cognitive performance may be needed. In addition, this assessment may need to be conducted on a day when treatment is not received.

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The Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination: Comparison with the Cognitive Capacity Screening Examination and the Mini-Mental State Examination in a Neurosurgical Population

Cited by 178 publications

References 10 publications

Is Mild Cognitive Impairment Prodromal for Vascular Dementia Like Alzheimer’s Disease?

Is Mild Cognitive Impairment Prodromal for Vascular Dementia Like Alzheimer’s Disease?

White Matter Lesion Subtypes and Cognitive Deficits in Patients with Memory Impairment

Cognitive Status in Hemodialysis as a Function of Fluid Adherence

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