THE NEW PLASMID pEI70 IS PRESENT IN ERWINIA AMYLOVORA EUROPEAN STRAINS

Llop, Pablo; González, R.; López, M. M.; Puławska, Joanna; Bultreys, Alain; Dreo, T.; Cabrefiga, Jordi

doi:10.17660/actahortic.2008.793.15

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The distribution of other plasmids proved numerically less important. The presence of plasmid pEL60 (NC_005246) was restricted to a number of strains originating from the Middle East, specifically from Israel (Ea209) and Lebanon (LebA3 and LebB66); plasmids pEA72 (NC_013973) and pEI70 (31) were each found only once within our collection of strains (i.e., in Ea273 and ACW56400, respectively); and plasmid pEA1.7 (NC_004940) was detected only in the Indian hawthorn strain IH3-1. Positive amplification was obtained using primer pair pEA2.8-fw/pEA2.8-rev, targeting ColE1 plasmid pEA2.8 (NC_004446), with Rubus strain Ea7-96r.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Diversity, Evolution, and Functionality of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR) Regions in the Fire Blight Pathogen Erwinia amylovora

Rezzonico

Smits

Duffy

2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

103

115

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The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas system confers acquired heritable immunity against mobile nucleic acid elements in prokaryotes, limiting phage infection and horizontal gene transfer of plasmids. In CRISPR arrays, characteristic repeats are interspersed with similarly sized nonrepetitive spacers derived from transmissible genetic elements and acquired when the cell is challenged with foreign DNA. New spacers are added sequentially and the number and type of CRISPR units can differ among strains, providing a record of phage/plasmid exposure within a species and giving a valuable typing tool. The aim of this work was to investigate CRISPR diversity in the highly homogeneous species Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight. A total of 18 CRISPR genotypes were defined within a collection of 37 cosmopolitan strains. Strains from Spiraeoideae plants clustered in three major groups: groups II and III were composed exclusively of bacteria originating from the United States, whereas group I generally contained strains of more recent dissemination obtained in Europe, New Zealand, and the Middle East. Strains from Rosoideae and Indian hawthorn (Rhaphiolepis indica) clustered separately and displayed a higher intrinsic diversity than that of isolates from Spiraeoideae plants. Reciprocal exclusion was generally observed between plasmid content and cognate spacer sequences, supporting the role of the CRISPR/Cas system in protecting against foreign DNA elements. However, in several group III strains, retention of plasmid pEU30 is inconsistent with a functional CRISPR/Cas system. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) (23, 51, 55) are arrays of highly conserved direct DNA repeats that are interspersed by unique, similarly sized spacers. CRISPRs were first described for Escherichia coli (25), and bioinformatic analyses of sequenced genomes were able to locate them in approximately 90% of archaeal and 40% of bacterial species (30). Depending upon the species, CRISPRs range from 24 to 48 bp and CRISPR spacers range from 26 to 72 bp in length (16). Spacers matching sequences in bacteriophage genomes or transmissible plasmids (3,23,39) were shown to provide a defense against invasion by foreign nucleic acid elements (2,5,34).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Diversity, Evolution, and Functionality of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR) Regions in the Fire Blight Pathogen Erwinia amylovora

Rezzonico

Smits

Duffy

2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

103

115

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“…Several works have reported finding different plasmids in strains of this pathogen (Laurent et al 1989 ; Chiou and Jones 1991 ; McGhee et al 2002 ; Maxson-Stein et al 2003 ; Foster et al 2004 ), but such studies were performed using a low number of isolates from few geographic areas or countries. Consequently, there is a lack of information on the plasmid content of large collections of isolates of E. amylovora (Foster et al 2004 ; Llop et al 2008 ). This topic has acquired more attention in recent years since the discovery of strains lacking plasmid pEA29, which was thought to be universal (Llop et al 2006 , 2008 , 2011 ; Mohammadi et al 2009 ; Mohammadi 2010 ).…”

Section: Plasmids In E Amylovoramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, there is a lack of information on the plasmid content of large collections of isolates of E. amylovora (Foster et al 2004 ; Llop et al 2008 ). This topic has acquired more attention in recent years since the discovery of strains lacking plasmid pEA29, which was thought to be universal (Llop et al 2006 , 2008 , 2011 ; Mohammadi et al 2009 ; Mohammadi 2010 ). The search for isolates lacking the pEA29 plasmid led to the discovery of new isolates with different plasmid contents (Llop et al 2006 , 2011 ).…”

Section: Plasmids In E Amylovoramentioning

confidence: 99%

Functions and origin of plasmids in Erwinia species that are pathogenic to or epiphytically associated with pome fruit trees

Llop

Barbé

López

2011

Trees

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The genus Erwinia includes plant-associated pathogenic and non-pathogenic species. Among them, all species pathogenic to pome fruit trees (E. amylovora, E. pyrifoliae, E. piriflorinigrans, Erwinia sp. from Japan) cause similar symptoms, but differ in their degrees of aggressiveness, i.e. in symptoms, host range or both. The presence of plasmids of similar size, in the range of 30 kb, is a common characteristic that they possess. Besides, they share some genetic content with high homology in several genes associated with exopolysaccharide production and hence, with virulence, as well as in some other genes. Knowledge of the content of these plasmids and comparative genetic analyses may provide interesting new clues to understanding the origin and evolution of these pathogens and the level of symptoms they produce. Furthermore, genetic similarities observed among some of the plasmids (and genomes) from the above indicated pathogenic species and E. tasmaniensis or E. billingiae, which are epiphytic on the same hosts, may reveal associations that could expose the mechanisms of origin of pathogens. A summary of the current information on their plasmids and the relationships among them is presented here.

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“…In other areas such as in Belgium, this plasmid was found in almost all tested isolates. It is assumed that the plasmid may carry genes important for the virulence of E. amylovora (Llop et al 2008). Of the primers complementary to the pEA29 plasmid DNA, a few (Bereswill et al 1992;Llop et al 2000;McManus and Jones 1995a) allow the amplification of 0.9 kb plasmid fragment flanked by PstI digestion sites.…”

Section: Analysis Of Nucleic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic and genetic diversity of Erwinia amylovora: the causal agent of fire blight

Puławska

Sobiczewski

2011

Trees

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Erwinia amylovora is a polyphagous bacterium causing fire blight on apple, pear and over 130 other plant species belonging mainly to the Rosaceae family. Although E. amylovora is regarded as a very homogenous species, the particular strains can differ in pathogenic ability as far as their host range is concerned (e.g. those originating from Rubus or Maloidae plants) as well as by the extent of the disease they cause. It was found that strains originating from North America are generally more genetically heterogeneous than those from Europe. Diversity of E. amylovora is also related to streptomycin resistance as a result of its application to control of fire blight. The level of genetic heterogeneity of E. amylovora is so low (comparative genome analysis revealed a similarity of over 99% for the two genomes tested) that standard DNA-based techniques fail in detection of intra-species variability. Amplified fragment length polymorphism was found to be most useful for differentiation of strains of fire blight causal agent as well as techniques ensuing release of pangenome sequences of two E. amylovora strains: multi-locus variable number of tandem repeats analysis and clustered regularly interspaced short palindrome repeats.

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THE NEW PLASMID pEI70 IS PRESENT IN ERWINIA AMYLOVORA EUROPEAN STRAINS

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Diversity, Evolution, and Functionality of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR) Regions in the Fire Blight Pathogen Erwinia amylovora

Diversity, Evolution, and Functionality of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR) Regions in the Fire Blight Pathogen Erwinia amylovora

Functions and origin of plasmids in Erwinia species that are pathogenic to or epiphytically associated with pome fruit trees

Phenotypic and genetic diversity of Erwinia amylovora: the causal agent of fire blight

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