The nicotine transdermal system

Gore, Anuradha

doi:10.1016/s0738-081x(98)00046-7

Cited by 34 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Regarding other nicotine patches the most common adverse effect is also the transient mild itching, erythema and burning at the application sites. 9,39) Mild itching and erythema were observed at the application sites after multiple doses of TNP as well. 23) In conclusion, the linear pharmacokinetics of nicotine in proportion to the surface area (Dose) was observed after single application of TNP in identical subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The transdermal nicotine patch (TNP), containing approximately 16.6 and 24.9 mg of nicotine per 20 and 30 cm 2 thin multilayer film laminate patch , is designed to deliver about 10 and 15 mg of nicotine in 16 h of application (31 mg/cm 2 /h). 9) We investigated the linearity of nicotine pharmacokinetics and safety after single application of different strengths of TNP (1 sheet of TNP-20, 2 sheets of TNP-20, and 1 sheet of TNP-30) and directly compared the plasma nicotine concentrations after application of 1 sheet of TNP-30 with those during controlled cigarette smoking.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Nicotine Pharmacokinetics in Healthy Japanese Male Smokers Following Application of the Transdermal Nicotine Patch and Cigarette Smoking

Sobue

Sekiguchi

Kikkawa

et al. 2006

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Nicotine Pharmacokinetics in Healthy Japanese Male Smokers Following Application of the Transdermal Nicotine Patch and Cigarette Smoking

Sobue

Sekiguchi

Kikkawa

et al. 2006

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…As reviewed by Gore and Chien (1998), the pharmacokinetic C max (±SD) values for the 5 mg and 10 mg patches are 3.5 ng/mL (0.7) and 6.9 ng/mL (2.0) respectively, and the T max (±SD) value for both patches is 9 hr (4).…”

Section: Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 98%

Sexually dimorphic effects of acute nicotine administration on arousal and visual-spatial ability in non-smoking human volunteers

Neumann

Fitzgerald

Furedy

et al. 2007

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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. (2007) "Sexually dimorphic effects of acute nicotine administration on arousal and visual-spatial ability in nonsmoking human volunteers" Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 86 (4),[758][759][760][761][762][763][764][765] http://epublications.bond.edu.au/hss_pubs/336 The effect of an acute administration of nicotine on arousal and visual-spatial ability in healthy non-smoking participants was investigated. Healthy adult volunteers with a mean age of 19.98 years received a transdermal nicotine or placebo patch prior to completing a water level task and two mental rotation tasks while concurrent psychophysiological recordings were taken. Nicotine administration showed a sexually dimorphic effect on arousal (skin conductance level and heart rate). Evidence of superior performance in males compared to females was found in reaction time and accuracy measures for the visual-spatial tasks. However, performance reflected the interaction between sex and nicotine. Nicotine slowed reaction times in the mental rotation tasks more extensively in females than males. Nicotine also reduced confidence in performance during the water level task in males, but not females. The effects of nicotine on visual-spatial ability may reflect the interactive effects of sex and changes in arousal levels induced by nicotine administration.

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“…Matrix systems may have only three layers without a semi-permeable membrane or just two layers by incorporating the drug directly into a polymeric adhesive matrix. Matrix release profiles are expressed as Higuchi's model, which is characterized by passive diffusion from the polymeric matrix (Gore, Chien, 1998).…”

Section: Kinetic Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Drug plasmatic levels can be safely assured using these commercial devices for approximately 16 to 24 hours to provide relief of symptoms related to nicotine abstinence (Gore, Chien, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro evaluation of transdermal nicotine delivery systems commercially available in Brazil

Ruela

Figueiredo

Perissinato

et al. 2013

Braz. J. Pharm. Sci.

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The aim of this study was to develop and validate a method for evaluating the release and skin permeation from transdermal nicotine patches using the vertical diffusion cell (VDC). The VDC is an experimental apparatus employed in research, development, and the pharmaceutical field because it can simulate conditions closest to those established in clinical trials. Two transdermal nicotine delivery systems marketed in Brazil to release 14 mg over 24 hours were evaluated. Release studies were carried out using a regenerated cellulose dialysis membrane and permeation studies were carried out using excised porcine ear skin. The results indicated that nicotine release from both evaluated patches follows Higuchi's release kinetics, while skin permeation studies indicated zero-order release kinetics. Nicotine release rates were different between both evaluated patches, but drug permeation rates were not significantly different. According to validation studies, the method was appropriate for evaluating in vitro performance of nicotine patches. The proposed method can be applied to in vitro comparative studies between different commercial nicotine patches and may be used as an auxiliary tool in the design of new transdermal nicotine delivery systems.Uniterms: Nicotine/release and skin permeation. Transdermal delivery patches/evaluation. Vertical diffusion cell. Skin permeation. Transdermal formulations/ nicotine delivery systems.O objetivo deste trabalho foi o desenvolvimento e a validação de metodologia empregando a célula de difusão vertical para avaliação da liberação e permeação cutânea in vitro de nicotina a partir de adesivos transdérmicos. A célula de difusão vertical é considerada um aparato experimental importante em pesquisa e desenvolvimento e pode simular condições in vitro próximas aquelas observadas em ensaios clínicos. Neste trabalho foram avaliados dois dispositivos transdérmicos comercializados no Brasil para liberação controlada de 14 mg de nicotina em um período de 24 horas. Realizaram-se ensaios de liberação, usando membranas de diálise de celulose regenerada, e estudos de permeação cutânea, usando pele de orelha de porcos. Os resultados indicaram que a liberação da nicotina em ambos os dispositivos transdérmicos avaliados seguiu a cinética de Higuchi, enquanto que a permeação cutânea seguiu cinética de ordem zero. As velocidades de liberação foram diferentes para os dispositivos comerciais avaliados, entretanto não foram encontradas diferenças significativas para as velocidades de permeação cutânea. Conforme os estudos de validação, a metodologia mostrou-se apropriada para a avaliação in vitro da liberação e permeação cutânea a partir de adesivos transdérmicos de nicotina. O método proposto foi aplicado em estudos comparativos in vitro entre adesivos transdérmicos comerciais contendo nicotina. Deste modo, o método também pôde ser considerado como ferramenta útil que poderia ser aplicada durante o desenvolvimento de novas formulações transdérmicas para liberação de nicotina.Unitermos: Nicotina/liberaçã...

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The nicotine transdermal system

Cited by 34 publications

References 74 publications

Comparison of Nicotine Pharmacokinetics in Healthy Japanese Male Smokers Following Application of the Transdermal Nicotine Patch and Cigarette Smoking

Comparison of Nicotine Pharmacokinetics in Healthy Japanese Male Smokers Following Application of the Transdermal Nicotine Patch and Cigarette Smoking

Sexually dimorphic effects of acute nicotine administration on arousal and visual-spatial ability in non-smoking human volunteers

In vitro evaluation of transdermal nicotine delivery systems commercially available in Brazil

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