The non-linear link between remnant cholesterol and diabetic retinopathy: a cross-sectional study in patients with type 2 diabetic mellitus

Pan, Wushan; Han, Yong; Hu, Haofei; He, Yongcheng

doi:10.1186/s12902-022-01239-5

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In a study of 456 individuals in Harbin, Shan et al discovered a positive correlation between RC levels and the prevalence and severity of DR [ 16 ]. Conversely, another study targeting 1956 participants in southern Taiwan found no significant association between RC and DR or proliferative DR (PDR) [ 17 ]. Herein, stratification based on T2DM duration revealed that higher levels of RC in patients with longer disease duration (> 7 years) were associated with a higher risk of DR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Remnant cholesterol is correlated with retinal vascular morphology and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study

Chen,

Xu,

Chen

et al. 2024

Lipids Health Dis

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Background The association between remnant cholesterol (RC) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains unclear. Morphological changes in retinal vessels have been reported to predict vascular complications of diabetes, including DR. Methods This cross-sectional study included 6535 individuals with T2DM. The RC value was calculated using the recognized formula. The retinal vascular parameters were measured using fundus photography. The independent relationship between RC and DR was analyzed using binary logistic regression models. Multiple linear regression and subgroup analyses were employed to investigate the link between RC and vascular parameters, including the retinal arteriolar diameter (CRAE), venular diameter (CRVE), and fractal dimension (Df). Mediation analysis was performed to assess whether the vascular morphology could explain the association between RC and DR. Results RC was independently associated with DR in patients with a longer duration of T2DM (> 7 years). Patients with the highest quartile RC levels had larger CRAE (5.559 [4.093, 7.025] μm), CRVE (7.620 [5.298, 9.941] μm) and Df (0.013 [0.009, 0.017]) compared with patients with the lowest quartile RC levels. Results were robust across different subgroups. The association between RC and DR was mediated by CRVE (0.020 ± 0.005; 95% confidence interval: 0.012–0.032). Conclusions RC may be a risk factor for DR among those who have had T2DM for a longer period of time. Higher RC levels were correlated with wider retinal arterioles and venules as well as higher Df, and it may contribute to DR through the dilation of retinal venules.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For those with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a study in China revealed a positive association between RC and DR prevalence [ 16 ]. However, another cross-sectional study reported no significant correlation between the two [ 17 ]. To date, the relationship between RC and DR in the population with T2DM remains inconclusive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remnant cholesterol is correlated with retinal vascular morphology and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study

Chen,

Xu,

Chen

et al. 2024

Lipids Health Dis

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“…However, the Jaccard distance matrix only re ects the existence of species, while the Bray-Curtis distance matrix also includes information on species abundance. The correlation between temperature and the relative abundance of carbon cycling genes was produced by linear regression and curve tting [44,45]. All these gures were depicted by Origin 2018 (Originlab, Northampton, USA).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metagenomics analysis reveals that carbon degradation rather than carbon fixation is dominant during animal carcass decay

Wang

Sun

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background Temperature shapes microbial functional genes associated with carbon (C) cycles. However, the effects of temperature on microbial C cycle genes associated with carcass-contaminated water remains poorly understood. To fill this gap, we explored the variation of microbial carbon cycling genes in polluted water caused by animal corpse decay at five different temperature gradients (23, 26, 29, 32, and 35℃) by metagenomic sequencing. Results Corpse decay increased the total carbon by 86.6%, but temperature rise had no significant effect. The dominant phyla of C-cycle microbes were Proteobacteria, followed by Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Approximately a half of carbon-cycling genes and 37.59% of carbohydrate-active enzyme genes can be predicted by temperature, while others were not sensitive to temperature. The alpha diversity of carbon cycling genes decreased with rising temperature, and beta diversity was affected by temperature and cadaver decomposition. High temperature led to an increase of those genes encoding decomposed starch, carbohydrate esters, pectin, lignin, chitin, cellulose, oligosaccharide, debranching enzymes and hemicellulose in control group, while only carbohydrate esters decomposition increased with temperature in the corpse group. The concentration of total carbon was positively related with easily degradable carbon genes (e.g., decomposed starch), but lacked correlations with refractory carbon genes (e.g., cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin). Conclusions We found that carbon degradation rather than carbon fixation was dominated during animal carcass decay, and microbes may prioritize use the degradable carbon, such as easily decomposed amylose. Our research finds that carcass decomposition regulates carbon cycle pathway, and provides possibility for predicting carbon cycle genes under global warming.

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“…RC was recorded as a continuous variable in mg/dL. RC (mg/dL) = TC (mg/dL)-HDL-c (mg/dL)-LDL-c (mg/dL) is the formula used to calculate RC in detail [ 26 , 27 ]. GDM (dichotomous: 0 = non-GDM, 1 = GDM) was the outcome variable.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remnant cholesterol, but not other cholesterol parameters, is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant women: a prospective cohort study

Gao

Hu²,

Xiang

2023

J Transl Med

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Objective No evidence has been found of a relationship between remnant cholesterol (RC) and the likelihood of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in pregnant women. The aim of our study was to investigate the link between serum RC at 12–14 weeks of gestation and the risk of GDM. Methods This was a secondary analysis with data from a prospective cohort study in Korea. A total of 590 single pregnant women attending two hospitals in Korea, up to 14 weeks gestation, from November 2014 to July 2016 were included in the study. The formula used to calculate RC in detail was RC (mg/dL) = TC (mg/dL)-HDL-c (mg/dL)-LDL-c (mg/dL). Logistic regression models were employed to examine the relationship between RC and GDM and explore the association between other lipoprotein cholesterol parameters and the risk of GDM. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to assess the ability of RC to identify GDM. Additionally, sensitivity and subgroup analyses were conducted. Results The mean age of participants was 32.06 ± 3.80 years. The median of RC was 34.66 mg/dL. 37 pregnant women (6.27%) were eventually diagnosed with GDM. Multivariate adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that RC was positively associated with the risk of GDM (OR = 1.458, 95% CI 1.221, 1.741). There was no significant association between other lipoprotein cholesterols (including TC, LDL-c, HDL-c) and the risk of GDM. The area under the ROC curve for RC as a predictor of GDM was 0.8038 (95% CI 0.7338–0.8738), and the optimal RC cut-off was 24.30 mg/dL. Our findings were demonstrated to be robust by performing a series of sensitivity analyses. Conclusion Serum RC levels at 12–14 weeks of gestation are positively associated with GDM risk in pregnant women. RC in early pregnancy is an early warning indicator of GDM in pregnant women, especially those with normal HDL-c, LDL-c, and TC that are easily overlooked. There is a high risk of developing GDM in pregnant women whose RC is more than 24.30 mg/dL. This study may help optimize GDM prevention in pregnant women and facilitate communication between physicians, pregnant patients, and their families.

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The non-linear link between remnant cholesterol and diabetic retinopathy: a cross-sectional study in patients with type 2 diabetic mellitus

Cited by 4 publications

References 31 publications

Remnant cholesterol is correlated with retinal vascular morphology and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study

Remnant cholesterol is correlated with retinal vascular morphology and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study

Metagenomics analysis reveals that carbon degradation rather than carbon fixation is dominant during animal carcass decay

Remnant cholesterol, but not other cholesterol parameters, is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant women: a prospective cohort study

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