The normal electrocardiogram in the clinically healthy Saanen goats

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to establish normal reference electrocardiographic (ECG) values for standard limb lead II in Saanen goats. For this, were used 19 healthy adult female Saanen goats. And for reference values for the ECG parameters, were used 95% confidence level. The overall P, Q, R, S and T durations (seconds) were 0.03±0.01, 0.02±0.005, 0.03±0.014, 0.03±0.011, 0.06±0.014 respectively, and the reference values were 0.01-0.04, 0.01-0.02, 0.01-0.06, 0.02-0.04 and 0.04-0.08 respectively. The amplitudes (milivolts) of these waveforms were 0.1±0.031, 0.06±0.023, 0.44±0.312, 0.39±0.434, 0.26±0.164 (T negative) and 0.15±0.071 (T positive), respectively. The reference values were 0.05-0.15, 0.05-0.1, 0.05-1.2, 0.05-1.1 and -0.2-0.7 respectively. The PR and QT interval, the QRS complex and the ST segment durations (seconds) were 0.08±0.018, 0.26±0.03, 0.05±0.008, 0.15±0.041 respectively. The reference values were 0.06-0.12, 0.2-0.32, 0.04-0.07 and 0.11-0.26, respectively. It was possible to observe differences in ECG of Saanen goats regarding the amplitude and duration of the constituents when compared to the results of other breeds. Therefore it is necessary to conduct further studies to allow comparisons, detect and diagnose cardiac arrhythmias and help the development of therapies.

Electrocardiographic Analysis of ST-Segment Duration and Morphology in Sheep and Goats: Effect of Species, Breed, Age and Sex

“…The results of the present study showed that the value of ST-segment duration ranged from 0.08±0.01 to 0.22±0.02 (second) with an average of 0.11±0.01 and 0.16±0.01 in sheep and goats, respectively. Our findings showed that ST-segment duration in goats was little different from that reported by Pogliani et al (2013) in Saanen goats (0.15±0.041) and was less than what was reported by Ahmed and Sanyal (2008) in Black Bengal goats (0.19±0.014). Also our findings showed that ST-segment duration in Kermani sheep was less than that reported by Ahmed and Sanyal (2008) in Garol sheep (0.13±0.010).…”

“…Although, the heart rate of goats is higher than sheep (Radostits et al, 2007; and there is a negative correlation between ST-segment duration and heart rate, (Jafari-Dehkordi et al, 2012;Milhorn, 2005;Pogliani et al, 2013) in the current study, the ST-segment duration in goats was longer than in sheep. Inter species difference, the conductive properties of the body mass and the volume of the gastrointestinal tract can influence the distribution of electrical potentials to the body surface (Santamarina et al, 2001) and this may explain the different ST-segment duration between the sheep and goats in our study.…”

“…However, the ST-segment duration in G3 was significantly higher than G1 group. Pourjafar et al (2012) and Pogliani et al (2013) believed that the augmentation in heart size in animals becomes larger during growth, causes a decrement in heart rate. Different growth rates, body sizes, inter breed variations can be proposed as the probably causes of the controversial findings (Pogliani et al, 2013;Pourjafar et al, 2012) Upward or downward shifts in the ST-segment were evaluated in this study.…”

“…Pourjafar et al (2012) and Pogliani et al (2013) believed that the augmentation in heart size in animals becomes larger during growth, causes a decrement in heart rate. Different growth rates, body sizes, inter breed variations can be proposed as the probably causes of the controversial findings (Pogliani et al, 2013;Pourjafar et al, 2012) Upward or downward shifts in the ST-segment were evaluated in this study. Our findings showed that elevation of ST-segment was not seen in any groups of animals (Table 1) and morphologic assessments of STsegment showed that all groups had normal isoelectric (horizontal) ST-segment.…”

“…However, there are only a few previous studies about the normal reference values of ST-segment in clinically healthy small ruminant (Balikci and Yildi, 2006;Radostits et al, 2007;Pogliani et al, 2013). The present study was undertaken to evaluate the probable effects of sex, age, species and breed on duration and morphology of ST-segment in base apex lead ECG in sheep and goats.…”