The Olfactory Co-receptor Orco from the Migratory Locust (<i>Locusta migratoria</i>) and the Desert Locust (<i>Schistocerca gregaria</i>): Identification and Expression pattern

Yang, Ying; Krieger, Jürgen; Zhang, Long; Breer, Heinz

doi:10.7150/ijbs.8.159

Cited by 63 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…ORco is generally expressed in insect ORNs and may serve as a marker for ORNs [3,30,33]. Our observation that a few antennal cells expressing LmigOR 1 were located within clusters of LmigORco- expressing cells unambiguously defined them as ORNs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

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Differential expression of two novel odorant receptors in the locust (Locusta migratoria)

Guo

Yang

et al. 2013

BMC Neurosci

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BackgroundOlfaction in animals is important for host localization, mating and reproduction in heterogeneous chemical environments. Studying the molecular basis of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) systems can elucidate the evolution of olfaction and associated behaviours. Odorant receptors (ORs) in insects have been identified, particularly in the holometabolous model Drosophila, and some of them have been functionally studied. However, ORs in the locust—a hemimetabolous model insect and the most important insect crop pest—have not yet been identified, hindering our understanding of locust olfaction. Here, we report for the first time four putative ORs in Locusta migratoria: LmigOR1, LmigOR2, LmigOR3 and LmigOR4.ResultsThese four putative OR genes encoded proteins with amino acids of 478, 436, 413 and 403 respectively. Sequence identity among them ranged from 19.7% to 35.4%. All ORs were tissue-specifically expressed in olfactory organs, without sex-biased characteristics. However, LmigOR1, LmigOR3 and LmigOR4 were only expressed in the antenna, while LmigOR2 could also be detected in mouthparts. In situ hybridization demonstrated that the LmigOR1antisense probe labelled olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) in almost all segments of the antenna, but only a few segments housed ORNs expressing LmigOR2. The number of neurons labelled by LmigOR1 antisense probes in each antennal segment was much greater (>10 neurons/segment) than that labelled by LmigOR2 probes (generally 1–3 neurons/segment). Furthermore, some of the labelled neurons could be attributed to the basiconic sensilla, but LmigOR1 and LmigOR2 were expressed in different subtypes.ConclusionsOur results strongly suggested that these newly discovered genes encode locust ORs and the differential expression patterns of LmigOR1 and LmigOR2 implied distinct functions. These results may offer insights into locust olfaction and contribute to the understanding of the evolution of insect chemoreception.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Recently, the evolutionally conserved ORco was identified in locust and found to be ubiquitously expressed in ORNs, just as in other insects [30]. However, extensive efforts to identify functionally specific ORs have failed because of the low sequence homology between ORs and the large evolutionary distances among insect clades.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential expression of two novel odorant receptors in the locust (Locusta migratoria)

Guo

Yang

et al. 2013

BMC Neurosci

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“…The later preparation of synthesized riboprobes and the procedures of in situ hybridization were performed as described in previously reported protocols [40], [41].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Characterization of Pheromone Receptors and Interplay between Receptors and Pheromone Binding Proteins in the Diamondback Moth, Plutella xyllostella

et al. 2013

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Moths depend on olfactory cues such as sex pheromones to find and recognize mating partners. Pheromone receptors (PRs) and Pheromone binding proteins (PBPs) are thought to be associated with olfactory signal transduction of pheromonal compounds in peripheral olfactory reception. Here six candidate pheromone receptor genes in the diamondback moth, Plutella xyllostella were identified and cloned. All of the six candidate PR genes display male-biased expression, which is a typical characteristic of pheromone receptors. In the Xenopus-based functional study and in situ hybridization, PxylOR4 is defined as another pheromone receptor in addition to the previously characterized PxylOR1. In the study of interaction between PRs and PBPs, PxylPBPs could increase the sensitivity of the complex expressing oocyte cells to the ligand pheromone component while decreasing the sensitivity to pheromone analogs. We deduce that activating pheromone receptors in olfactory receptor neurons requires some role of PBPs to pheromone/PBP complex. If the chemical signal is not the pheromone component, but instead, a pheromone analog with a similar structure, the complex would have a decreased ability to activate downstream pheromone receptors.

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“…ORs have an inverted membrane topology with an extracellular C-terminus in comparison to conventional G-protein coupled 7TM receptors [8]–[12]. Besides the diverse ORs binding various odor ligands, a highly conserved protein with weak homology to ORs, named Or83b in the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster , is co-expressed in ORNs of different insect species [1], [13]–[23]. In the fruitfly Or83b was suggested to be a coreceptor forming OR-Or83b heteromers [8], [24] and was consequently renamed Orco [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ Tip-Recordings Found No Evidence for an Orco-Based Ionotropic Mechanism of Pheromone-Transduction in Manduca sexta

et al. 2013

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The mechanisms of insect odor transduction are still controversial. Insect odorant receptors (ORs) are 7TM receptors with inverted membrane topology. They colocalize with a conserved coreceptor (Orco) with chaperone and ion channel function. Some studies suggest that insects employ exclusively ionotropic odor transduction via OR-Orco heteromers. Other studies provide evidence for different metabotropic odor transduction cascades, which employ second messenger-gated ion channel families for odor transduction. The hawkmoth Manduca sexta is an established model organism for studies of insect olfaction, also due to the availability of the hawkmoth-specific pheromone blend with its main component bombykal. Previous patch-clamp studies on primary cell cultures of M. sexta olfactory receptor neurons provided evidence for a pheromone-dependent activation of a phospholipase Cβ. Pheromone application elicited a sequence of one rapid, apparently IP3-dependent, transient and two slower Ca2+-dependent inward currents. It remains unknown whether additionally an ionotropic pheromone-transduction mechanism is employed. If indeed an OR-Orco ion channel complex underlies an ionotropic mechanism, then Orco agonist-dependent opening of the OR-Orco channel pore should add up to pheromone-dependent opening of the pore. Here, in tip-recordings from intact pheromone-sensitive sensilla, perfusion with the Orco agonist VUAA1 did not increase pheromone-responses within the first 1000 ms. However, VUAA1 increased spontaneous activity of olfactory receptor neurons Zeitgebertime- and dose-dependently. We conclude that we find no evidence for an Orco-dependent ionotropic pheromone transduction cascade in M. sexta. Instead, in M. sexta Orco appears to be a slower, second messenger-dependent pacemaker channel which affects kinetics and threshold of pheromone-detection via changes of intracellular Ca2+ baseline concentrations.

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The Olfactory Co-receptor Orco from the Migratory Locust (Locusta migratoria) and the Desert Locust (Schistocerca gregaria): Identification and Expression pattern

Cited by 63 publications

References 43 publications

Differential expression of two novel odorant receptors in the locust (Locusta migratoria)

Differential expression of two novel odorant receptors in the locust (Locusta migratoria)

Identification and Characterization of Pheromone Receptors and Interplay between Receptors and Pheromone Binding Proteins in the Diamondback Moth, Plutella xyllostella

In situ Tip-Recordings Found No Evidence for an Orco-Based Ionotropic Mechanism of Pheromone-Transduction in Manduca sexta

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