The Opalines

Opalinidae in African Anura. IV. Genus Protoopalina

“…This species has been reported in many other anurans of the Palaearctic Region (see Delvinquier & Patterson, 1993). Walton (1964) listed it in Bufo mauritanicus (Bufonidae) from (northern) Africa, but this could be a mistake by Walton for Brumpt's (1915) record of P. intestinalis in Bufo mauritanicus from North Africa.…”

“…We suggest that Ehrenberg could not easily have distinguished two large nuclei which are close to each other in P. intestinalis and therefore represented an oval-shaped body. This species is recorded in many amphibians of the Palaearctic Region and in Hylidae and Ranidae of the Neotropical Region (see Delvinquier & Patterson, 1993). Tuzet & Knoepfller, 1968 Described from two Ptychadena longirostris (Ranidae) from Lamto, Ivory Coast.…”

“…Many species of opalines Opalinids in African Anura. IV 97 can live in hosts of different genera (Delvinquier & Patterson, 1993). In South Africa, R, angolensis and B. gutturalis (previously regarded as B. regularis, see Passmore & Carruthers, 1979) occur both in lowveld and highveld (Passmore & Carruthers, 1979).…”

“…More species of Protoopalina have been reported in the anurans of the Afrotropical, Australian and Oriental Regions (see Delvinquier & Patterson, 1993). Metcalf (1940) considered that the genus Protoopalina was of southern origin, from land masses he called "Gondwanaland and South…”

Opalinidae (Sarcomastigophora) in North American Amphibia. GenusProtoopalina Metcalf, 1918

“…Scaphiopus is known to harbour the genera Cepedea Metcalf, 1920, Opalina, Zelleriella andProtoopalina (see Delvinquier &Patterson, 1993). The somewhat wide occurrence of binucleate opalinid genera in Scaphiopus is probably through secondary adaptation.…”