The optical frequency comb fibre spectrometer

Coluccelli, Nicola; Cassinerio, Marco; Redding, Brandon; Cao, Hui; Laporta, P.; Galzerano, G.

doi:10.1038/ncomms12995

Cited by 43 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…3.6 Other approaches Alternate methods, involving e.g. speckles in multimode fibres 97 , sweeping the comb repetition frequency to generate a time delay between the two arms of a static interferometer 98 , cavity filtering and scanning 99 or heterodyning a comb with a continuous--wave laser 100 have been explored. Though they have not been widely adopted yet, they may be particularly useful in some circumstances.…”

Section: Dual--comb Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency comb spectroscopy

2019

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A laser frequency combs is a broad spectrum composed of equidistant narrow lines. Initially invented for frequency metrology, such combs enable new approaches to spectroscopy over broad spectral bandwidths, of particular relevance to molecules. With optical frequency combs, the performance of existing spectrometers, such as Michelson--based Fourier transform interferometers or crossed dispersers, involving e.g. virtual imaging phase array (VIPA) étalons, is dramatically enhanced. Novel types of instruments, such as dual--comb spectrometers, lead to a new class of devices without moving parts for accurate measurements over broad spectral ranges. The direct self-calibration of the frequency scale of the spectra within the accuracy of an atomic clock and the negligible contribution of the instrumental line--shape will enable determinations of all spectral parameters with high accuracy for stringent comparisons with theories in atomic and molecular physics. Chip--scale frequency--comb spectrometers promise integrated devices for real--time sensing in analytical chemistry and biomedicine. This review article gives a summary of advances in the emerging and rapidly advancing field of atomic and molecular broadband spectroscopy with frequency combs. Frequency comb spectroscopy N. Picqué, T. W. Hänsch Preprint version of Nature Photonics 13, 146--157 (2019). /27Frequency comb spectroscopy N. Picqué, T. W. Hänsch Preprint version of Nature Photonics 13, 146--157 (2019). /27 3 assisted precision spectroscopy, frequency comb spectroscopy began to attract the interest of a few research groups 12--20 . Stimulated by a number of intriguing proof--of--principle demonstrations, the field has grown to a hot research topic and, with new research groups constantly getting involved, novel clever and unforeseen applications emerge. Most of the time, frequency comb spectroscopy implies spectroscopy over a broad spectral bandwidth, of particular relevance to molecular spectroscopy.Frequency comb spectroscopy N. Picqué, T. W. Hänsch Preprint version of Nature Photonics 13, 146--157 (2019). /27 4 2. Frequency--comb light sources for spectroscopy. 2.1 General characteristics. Often, a comb is generated by a mode--locked laser system. In the time domain (Fig. 1a), a train of ultrashort pulses is emitted at the output of the cavity. The period of the envelope of the pulses, 1/frep= L/vg , corresponds to the round--trip time inside a laser cavity of round--trip length L and group velocity of the light vg. Due to dispersion inside the cavity, a pulse--to--pulse phase--shift Δφ between the carrier and the envelope of the electric field of the pulses is observed. In the frequency domain, the associated spectrum is composed of a discrete set of evenly spaced narrow lines with frequencies fn that can be written fn= n frep + f0, where n is a large integer, frep is the repetition frequency of the envelope of the pulses and f0 is the carrier--envelope offset frequency, related to the phase--shift Δφ by the relationship f0 = frep Δφ/2π (Fig. 1a). In ...

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Section: Dual--comb Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency comb spectroscopy

2019

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“…Laser frequency combs 1 and their broad spectrum of evenly spaced narrow lines with precisely known positions provide novel opportunities for broadband molecular spectroscopy. In the last decade, a number of promising new techniques and experimental schemes interrogating the sample with a frequency comb have been demonstrated and perfected 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 . Among such techniques, dual-comb spectroscopy, which measures the time-domain interference between two combs of slightly different line spacings, has the distinguishing advantage of providing a multiplex instrument without moving parts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mid-infrared dual-comb spectroscopy with electro-optic modulators

et al. 2017

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Absorption spectroscopy of fundamental ro-vibrational transitions in the mid-infrared region provides a powerful tool for studying the structure and dynamics of molecules in the gas phase and for sensitive and quantitative gas sensing. Laser frequency combs permit novel approaches to perform broadband molecular spectroscopy. Multiplex dual-comb spectroscopy without moving parts can achieve particularly high speed, sensitivity and resolution. However, achieving Doppler-limited resolution in the mid-infrared still requires overcoming instrumental challenges. Here we demonstrate a new approach based on difference-frequency generation of frequency-agile near-infrared frequency combs that are produced using electro-optic modulators. The combs have a remarkably flat intensity distribution, and their positions and line spacings can be freely selected by simply dialing a knob. Using the proposed technique, we record, in the 3-μm region, Doppler-limited absorption spectra with resolved comb lines within milliseconds, and precise molecular line parameters are retrieved. Our technique holds promise for fast and sensitive time-resolved studies of, for example, trace gases.

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“…Furthermore, compared to dither locking of the laser to an atomic saturated absorption feature, speckle-based stabilization has the advantage of eliminating any frequency modulation of the laser. Finally, the extension of our approach to the simultaneous detection and measurement of multiple wavelengths [33] could also allow a single device to stabilize all of the various lasers (cooling, repumper, Raman and trapping) required in quantum technologies based on cold atoms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harnessing speckle for a sub-femtometre resolved broadband wavemeter and laser stabilization

et al. 2017

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The accurate determination and control of the wavelength of light is fundamental to many fields of science. Speckle patterns resulting from the interference of multiple reflections in disordered media are well-known to scramble the information content of light by complex but linear processes. However, these patterns are, in fact, exceptionally rich in information about the illuminating source. We use a fibre-coupled integrating sphere to generate wavelength-dependent speckle patterns, in combination with algorithms based on the transmission matrix method and principal component analysis, to realize a broadband and sensitive wavemeter. We demonstrate sub-femtometre wavelength resolution at a centre wavelength of 780 nm, and a broad calibrated measurement range from 488 to 1,064 nm. This compares favourably to the performance of conventional wavemeters. Using this speckle wavemeter as part of a feedback loop, we stabilize a 780 nm diode laser to achieve a linewidth better than 1 MHz.

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The optical frequency comb fibre spectrometer

Cited by 43 publications

References 42 publications

Frequency comb spectroscopy

Frequency comb spectroscopy

Mid-infrared dual-comb spectroscopy with electro-optic modulators

Harnessing speckle for a sub-femtometre resolved broadband wavemeter and laser stabilization

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