The origin of cells that repopulate patellar tendons used for reconstructing anterior cruciate ligaments in man

Abstract

753ryopreserved patellar tendon allografts are often recommended for reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligaments (ACLs) because living donor fibroblasts are thought to promote repair. Animal studies, however, indicate that ligaments regenerate from recipient rather than donor cells. If applicable to man, these observations suggest that allograft cell viability is unimportant. We therefore used short tandem repeat analysis with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification to determine the source of cells in nine human ACLs reconstructed with cryopreserved patellar tendon allografts. PCR amplification of donor and recipient DNA obtained before operation and DNA from the graft obtained two to ten months after transplantation revealed the genotype of cells and showed only recipient cells in the graft area. Rather than preserve the viability of donor cells, a technique is required which will facilitate the introduction of recipient cells into patellar tendon allografts.

Mesenchymal stromal cells from bone marrow treated with bovine tendon extract acquire the phenotype of mature tenocytes

“…We emphasize that for the procedure to be efficient, the BMSCs (at 70% confluence) should be treated with tendon extract at 1:50 for seven days. We observed that the peak expression of biglycan and fibromodulin (which are markers for tenocytes) 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 was at this time. This indicated that the BMSCs became committed to a tenocytic lineage.…”

Autograft Demonstrates Superior Outcomes for Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction When Compared With Allograft: A Systematic Review

“…In the early healing stages, the allograft acts as a type I collagen scaffold that is colonized by host cells from bone and synovial fluid. 25,27 Angiogenesis leads to fibroblast invasion that repopulates and remodels the graft matrix with synovial-derived host cells. 9,27 As the allograft undergoes remodeling, graft strength initially decreases between 8 and 12 weeks after reconstruction, which is a likely explanation for the observed increase in allograft rerupture versus autograft.…”

Identifying potential patient-specific predictors for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction outcome – a diagnostic in vitro tissue remodeling platform

“…A few limitations and side notes of the current study need to be considered. Biological properties of the resident cells of ACL autografts were examined in this research, however, many of these cells are lost in the early graft healing phase of remodeling, and the graft properties are affected by the invading cells afterwards [32]. Therefore, it may be useful for future research to also investigate biological, remodeling-related properties of synovial fluid-derived cells and possibly identify predictors for graft rupture.…”

“…Therefore, it may be useful for future research to also investigate biological, remodeling‐related properties of synovial fluid‐derived cells and possibly identify predictors for graft rupture. Similarly, it should be noted that the high protein expression of αSMA in our system can be ascribed to trans‐differentiation of the TDCs, whereas this in vivo mostly originates from invading myofibroblasts [32]. Before the cell isolation procedure, the risk for infection was reduced by briefly submerging the tissue in an ethanol solution.…”