The Origin of Cosmic Structures Part 4—Nucleosynthesis

Botke, J. C.

doi:10.4236/jhepgc.2022.83053

Cited by 5 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…We now use Equation (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13). Because we wish to obtain the velocity at the location of the receiver, we remove the dependence on e δ .…”

Section: ( )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…. The redshift is given by Equation (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15) and not by the scaling ratio.…”

Section: Standard Model Approximationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CMB anisotropies were an unavoidable consequence of this process and hence the spectrum was built in at the beginning. The details are given in [12].…”

Section: Baryonic Acoustic Oscillationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Origin of Cosmic Structures Part 5— Resolution of the Hubble Tension Problem

Botke¹

2023

JHEPGC

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The two principal contributors to the Hubble tension problem are the predictions of the baryonic acoustic oscillation model and the 0 H parameter fit of the "Tip of the Red Giant Branch" collaboration. In this paper, we show that the former is neither necessary nor possible and that the latter yields a value in agreement with the supernovae results when adjustments are made for errors in the peculiar velocity model used to isolate the recession velocities of galaxies. We also make comparisons between the predictions of our new model of cosmology and the curve fits of the standard model. For values of redshift ≤ 1 we find that, with a Hubble constant of 0 73 H = , the two agree almost exactly. We resolve the Hubble constant problem and validate the new model predictions for small redshifts.

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“…We now use Equation (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13). Because we wish to obtain the velocity at the location of the receiver, we remove the dependence on e δ .…”

Section: ( )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…. The redshift is given by Equation (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15) and not by the scaling ratio.…”

Section: Standard Model Approximationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Origin of Cosmic Structures Part 5— Resolution of the Hubble Tension Problem

Botke¹

2023

JHEPGC

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“…In spite of the claims of the standard model, superclusters are the only structures in existence large enough to be responsible for the large peaks of the CMB spectrum. In our original paper [3], we argued that superclusters were actually responsible but we have since realized [4] that the process that created the superclusters simultaneously created the CMB spectrum with peaks of the same physical dimensions. We will have more to say about this later but the point here is that superclusters in some form must have been in existence at the time of recombination.…”

Section: Origins and The Planck Eramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, we will propose a much simpler model, [3,4] that leads to the same nucleosynthesis starting point but which also accounts for the matter/antimatter asymmetry of the universe, the existence of the CMB, and the high density of neutrinos needed to establish the pre-nucleosynthesis proton/neutron abundance ratio. We start with the idea that there was no existence other than the vacuum prior to the time of nucleosynthesis and that at that time, a very small percentage of the vacuum energy was converted into neutron/antineutron pairs with a very small bias of 2-4 extra neutrons for every 10 8 pairs.…”

Section: Nucleosynthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cosmology with Time-Varying Curvature: A Summary

Botke¹

2023

Cosmology - The Past, Present and Future of the Universe

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We present a new model of cosmology based on the idea that the curvature of the universe varies with time. This model predicts a present-day exponential acceleration of the expansion of the universe without reference to a cosmological constant. We propose a new model of nucleosynthesis that accounts for the existence of cosmic structures, provides a solution to the matter/antimatter asymmetry problem, and explains the origin of the CMB. We show that this process was regulated by a vacuum imprint that came into existence during an initial Planck era inflation. One consequence is that all cosmic structures came into their final form with their present-day mass more or less simultaneously at a time of about 3×1016s. This explains the recent findings by the James Webb telescope of very large galaxies dating from that epoch. We show that the stability of galaxies and galaxy clusters demands that all galaxies must have developed supermassive black holes at that time. We go on to show that the phenomena attributed to dark matter are actually consequences of vacuum energy, that the conventional model for the CMB spectrum is wrong and finally, we resolve the Hubble tension problem.

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The Origin of Cosmic Structures Part 6: CMB Anisotropy

Botke

2024

JHEPGC

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In a recent series of papers, we introduced a new model of nucleosynthesis in which the matter content of the universe came into existence at a time of about 4 × 10 −5 s. At that time, a small percentage of the vacuum energy was converted into neutron/antineutron pairs with a very small excess of neutrons. This process was regulated by an imprint that was established in the vacuum during an initial Plank-era inflation. Immediately after their inception, annihilation and charge exchange reactions proceeded at a very high rate and ran to completion after an interval of about 10 −11 s. By then, all the antibaryons had disappeared thereby establishing the matter/antimatter asymmetry of the universe. What remained were very high densities of mesons and leptons, somewhat lower densities of protons and neutrons, and finally, the very high density of photons that eventually became the CMB. The density of matter so created varied from one location to another in such a manner as to account for all cosmic structures and because the energy density of the photons varied in proportion to that of the matter, the CMB-to-be came into existence with an anisotropic spectrum already in place. For structures, the size of galaxy clusters, the initial anisotropy magnitudes were on the order of 25%. In this paper, we will follow the subsequent evolution of the photons and show that this model predicts with accuracy the temperature of the warmest anisotropies in the observed CMB spectrum.

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The Origin of Cosmic Structures Part 4—Nucleosynthesis

Cited by 5 publications

References 14 publications

The Origin of Cosmic Structures Part 5— Resolution of the Hubble Tension Problem

The Origin of Cosmic Structures Part 5— Resolution of the Hubble Tension Problem

Cosmology with Time-Varying Curvature: A Summary

The Origin of Cosmic Structures Part 6: CMB Anisotropy

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