The osmotic pressure and the concentration of some solutes of the intestinal contents and the faeces of the cow, in relation to the absorption of the minerals

Weerden, E.J. van

doi:10.1017/s0021859600049765

Cited by 43 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…A decrease in sodium concentration in digesta water occurs between the caecum and the rectum in many mammals (van Weerden 1961;Alexander 1962Alexander , 1965Edmonds 1967). Potassium concentration appears to be more variable.…”

Section: (F) Rates Of Absorption Of Water and Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absorption of Water and Electrolytes From the Large Intestine of Sheep

Hecker¹,

Grovum²

1971

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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AblltractRate of passage of digesta, lumen diameter, and rates of absorption of water, sodium, and potassium w~re calculated from wet weight, dry weight, and sodium and potassium content of digesta in segments of the large intestine of six sheep given 800 g lucerne chaff per day.Digesta were retained for the longest time in the caecum and the proximal colon. The rate of passage of digesta was comparatively rapid through the spiral colon.The lumen diameters of the caecum and the proximal colon were much greater than those of other sections of the large intestine.There was a regular decrease in water per gram of digesta dry matter between the caecum and the rectum. Sodium concentration in this water decreased after the start of the spiral colon. Five of the sheep had low concentrations of potassium in the water of the large intestinal contents but one sheep had higher concentrations. Rates of absorption of water, sodium, and potassium were highest in the centripetal colon and lowest in the rectum. Rates calculated for the caecum and the proximal colon were reduced by mixing of digesta but calculations showed that they were similar to those in the centripetal colon.

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Section: (F) Rates Of Absorption Of Water and Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absorption of Water and Electrolytes From the Large Intestine of Sheep

Hecker¹,

Grovum²

1971

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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“…Several authors have suggested that low sodium intake could possibly contribute to the development of hypomagnesaemic tetany (Frens 1955;Paterson and Crichton 1960;Ross 1961;Lehr 1962;Butler et al 1963;Kemp 1964), while others have discussed its effect on animal physiology ( van Weerden 1961;Bott, Denton, Goding, and Sabine 1964). Smith and Aines (1959) induced severe sodium deficiency in dairy cows by prolonged feeding of rations containing about 0.02% Na, and suggested a requirement of 21 g per day Na for lactating dairy cows.…”

Section: Calciummentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical composition of pastures in relation to grass tetany in beef breeding cows

Metson¹,

Saunders²,

Collie³

et al. 1966

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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Pastures from 27 sites (19 farms). mainly in the Hawke's Bay district. were sampled during an outbreak of grass tetany in beef breeding cows. Pastures were generally ryegrass-dominant. with little clover at grazing height, and were mainly closely grazed. Chemical analyses gave the following results (mean value and range of values, (1.42-3.63).The magnesium levels fall within the range where occurrence of hypomagnesaemic tetany may be considered a possibility. and the over-all results suggest that the deficiency of magnesium in the animal is induced by a high-protein-vlow-energy intake. Possible contributory factors in the pasture are high potassium, low calcium. and low sodium. Since no fertiliser nitrogen or potassium was used. the high level of these elements is attributed mainly to luxury consumption from highfertility patches resulting from the return of animal excreta.

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“…In (van Weerden, 1961) and humans (Kalser, Williams, Peterson & Smitherman, 1964) isotonicity is approached with distal movement of digesta within the small intestine. However, it is still a matter of contention whether water is actively absorbed from the small intestine (e.g.…”

Section: Cation and Water Inter-relations In Ileal Effluentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineral composition and rates of flow of effluent from the distal ileum of liquid‐fed calves

Smith¹

1966

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Liquid-fed calves (aged 12-4 months) examined more than five weeks after inserting a re-entrant fistula into the distal ileum, of normal sodium and potassium status and without abnormal gut infection, showed mean emergence rates from the ileum for sodium, potassium and water of 2*3 m-mole/hr, 0-38 m-mole/hr and 21 g/hr respectively after 16 hr fasting.2. Sodium and potassium emergence rates changed little when the residues from a milk or glucose-solution feed arrived at the distal ileum. When magnesium chloride was added to a glucose-solution feed an increase sometimes occurred but only in association with decreased smallintestine transit time.3. Widely differing sodium and potassium intakes had no appreciable direct effect on their emergence rates. Continued feeding of a diet deficient in either ion, however, altered the calf's metabolism and led to appropriate changes in the sodium/potassium ratio of ileal effluent. These changes were not simulated by injecting adrenal cortex hormones. The ratio also decreased when ileal effluent was allowed to discharge for several weeks without being returned to the colon. It was abnormally high in samples obtained less than five weeks after inserting cannulae.4. An increase in sodium and potassium emergence rates, which often occurred spontaneously at about 3 months of age, appeared to be due to infection and was usually prevented by giving aureomycin orally.5. Water emergence rate reflected changes in the emergence rates of osmotically effective constituents and isotonicity was maintained. In effluent after fasting, the cations involved were mainly sodium and potassium, and [Na]

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The osmotic pressure and the concentration of some solutes of the intestinal contents and the faeces of the cow, in relation to the absorption of the minerals

Cited by 43 publications

References 28 publications

Absorption of Water and Electrolytes From the Large Intestine of Sheep

Absorption of Water and Electrolytes From the Large Intestine of Sheep

Chemical composition of pastures in relation to grass tetany in beef breeding cows

Mineral composition and rates of flow of effluent from the distal ileum of liquid‐fed calves

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